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Wearable device for in-situ plant sap analysis: Electrochemical lateral flow (eLF) for stress monitoring in living plants
Centro Tecnológico de la Energía (ITE), Av. Juan de la Cierva, 24, 46980, Paterna Valencia, Spain.
Centro Tecnológico de la Energía (ITE), Av. Juan de la Cierva, 24, 46980, Paterna Valencia, Spain.
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Micro and Nanosystems.
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Micro and Nanosystems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3549-0228
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2025 (English)In: Biosensors & bioelectronics, ISSN 0956-5663, E-ISSN 1873-4235, Vol. 283, article id 117550Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Smart agriculture and environmental monitoring claim innovative wearable sensing technologies suitable for real-time, in-situ biochemical analysis for non-specialized users in plants. Current strategies measure physical parameters, ions or hormones by amperometry or potentiometry. Among these, plant hormones serve as stress biomarkers due to their role in stress response mechanisms. While electrocatalysis has been explored for their detection, early-stage stress monitoring at low concentrations demands higher selectivity and specificity. Therefore, new strategies integrating biorecognition elements, such as antibodies, with autonomous sample collection and bioassay performance are required. In this regard, this work proposes a novel wearable immunosensor device based on an electrochemical lateral flow assay (eLF) that includes an autonomous microsampling technology for minimally invasive in-situ sap extraction and abscisic acid (ABA) detection. This sap device collects, processes and analyzes plant sap with low sample volume (<10 μL) and short assay time (9min) using immunosensing for the first time in ABA wearable detection. Validation in drought-stressed cucumber plants demonstrated 78 % sensitivity and 71 % specificity in detecting subtle water stress with 77 % accuracy. These findings highlight the potential of this plant-wearable biosensor for early stress detection and its versatility to be adapted for the detection of other relevant molecules (proteins or DNA), key for smart agriculture and environmental monitoring.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV , 2025. Vol. 283, article id 117550
Keywords [en]
Abscisic acid, Electrochemical lateral flow, Sap sample, Smart agriculture technology, Wearable plant biosensor
National Category
Analytical Chemistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-363423DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2025.117550ISI: 001489334100002PubMedID: 40334451Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105004223749OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-363423DiVA, id: diva2:1958518
Note

QC 20250515

Available from: 2025-05-15 Created: 2025-05-15 Last updated: 2025-07-03Bibliographically approved

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Hedberg, EllinorRibet, FedericoRoxhed, Niclas

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