kth.sePublications KTH
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
High-rate metal-free MXene microsupercapacitors on paper substrates
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Embedded systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2381-144X
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Micro and Nanosystems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7659-842X
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Micro and Nanosystems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8822-5014
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Embedded systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5217-9936
Show others and affiliations
2024 (English)In: Carbon Energy, E-ISSN 2637-9368, Vol. 6, no 5, article id e442Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

MXene is a promising energy storage material for miniaturized microbatteries and microsupercapacitors (MSCs). Despite its superior electrochemical performance, only a few studies have reported MXene-based ultrahigh-rate (>1000 mV s−1) on-paper MSCs, mainly due to the reduced electrical conductance of MXene films deposited on paper. Herein, ultrahigh-rate metal-free on-paper MSCs based on heterogeneous MXene/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)-stack electrodes are fabricated through the combination of direct ink writing and femtosecond laser scribing. With a footprint area of only 20 mm2, the on-paper MSCs exhibit excellent high-rate capacitive behavior with an areal capacitance of 5.7 mF cm−2 and long cycle life (>95% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles) at a high scan rate of 1000 mV s−1, outperforming most of the present on-paper MSCs. Furthermore, the heterogeneous MXene/PEDOT:PSS electrodes can interconnect individual MSCs into metal-free on-paper MSC arrays, which can also be simultaneously charged/discharged at 1000 mV s−1, showing scalable capacitive performance. The heterogeneous MXene/PEDOT:PSS stacks are a promising electrode structure for on-paper MSCs to serve as ultrafast miniaturized energy storage components for emerging paper electronics. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiley , 2024. Vol. 6, no 5, article id e442
Keywords [en]
direct ink writing, femtosecond laser scribing, MXene, on-paper microsupercapacitors, PEDOT:PSS, ultrahigh rate capability
National Category
Materials Chemistry Other Physics Topics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-366936DOI: 10.1002/cey2.442ISI: 001141771500001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85182185270OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-366936DiVA, id: diva2:1983567
Note

QC 20250711

Available from: 2025-07-11 Created: 2025-07-11 Last updated: 2025-12-05Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Femtosecond laser-based 3D printing of micro- and nano components in silica glass for optics and energy storage
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Femtosecond laser-based 3D printing of micro- and nano components in silica glass for optics and energy storage
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This thesis explores advanced femtosecond laser fabrication techniques for the development of miniaturized components in photonics and energy storage. By leveraging the unique characteristics of femtosecond laser–material interactions, particularly with hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ), this work introduces novel strategies for direct 3D printing of glass microstructures and high-performance microsupercapacitors (MSCs).

In the first part of the thesis, three distinct femtosecond laser interaction regimes, Uniform Mode, Nanograting Mode, and Sphere Mode, are systematically investigated in HSQ. These regimes enable the fabrication of silica-based 3D microstructures with different morphologies and properties. A key achievement is the direct 3D printing of silica glass structures on optical fiber tips using all three modes, demonstrating a significant advancement in integrating functional micro-optics into fiber-based platforms. Four proof-of-concept photonic devices are demonstrated: an optical resonator, a refractive index sensor, a polarization beam splitter, and a fiber-tip microlens. These devices show excellent performance and establish the feasibility of using femtosecond direct laser writing (DLW) for glass microstructure integration in compact and robust photonic systems.

The second part of the thesis focuses on femtosecond-laser-enabled MSCs. Two energy storage devices have been developed. The first employs a heterogeneous MXene/PEDOT:PSS ink formulation patterned via direct ink writing (DIW) and femtosecond laser scribing on paper substrates, creating flexible, metal-free MSC arrays with high areal capacitance and voltage tunability. The second device utilizes a 3D-printed nanograting skeleton with vertically aligned plates fabricated in HSQ, followed by conformal coating with conductive layers. This design significantly improves ion transport and increases the electrode surface area. The resulting device achieves a record-high characteristic frequency of 5.72 kHz, along with excellent capacitance retention over 450,000 cycles, making it suitable for AC line-filtering applications in microelectronic circuits.

Overall, this work demonstrates that femtosecond laser fabrication offers powerful and versatile capabilities for miniaturized photonic and energy storage devices. The combination of additive 3D microfabrication, material conversion, and structural control opens new pathways for integrating functional materials into compact systems. Future research directions include expanding material compatibility, developing more complex photonic architectures, and integrating energy storage with microelectronic circuitry. Together, these contributions point toward a scalable, precise, and robust fabrication platform for next-generation microdevices.

Abstract [sv]

Denna avhandling utforskar avancerade tillverkningstekniker som använder femtosekundlaserteknik för att utveckla miniatyriserade komponenter inom fotonik och energilagring. Genom att utnyttja de unika egenskaperna hos femtosekundlaserns interaktion med material, särskilt med hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ), introduceras här nya strategier för direkt 3D-utskrift av glasmikrostrukturer och högpresterande mikrosuperkondensatorer (MSC:er).

I avhandlingens första del studeras tre distinkta laserinteraktionsregimer, Uniform Mode, Nanograting Mode och Sphere Mode, systematiskt i HSQ. Dessa regimer möjliggör tillverkning av 3D-strukturer av kiseldioxid med olika morfologier och egenskaper. En viktig prestation är den direkta 3D-utskriften av glaskonstruktioner på spetsen av optiska fibrer med hjälp av samtliga tre regimer, vilket visar betydande framsteg i att integrera funktionella mikro-optiska komponenter på fiberbaserade plattformar. Fyra konceptvaliderande fotonikenheter demonstreras: en optisk resonator, en refraktionsindexsensor, en polarisationsstråldelare samt en mikrolins på en fiberspets. Dessa enheter uppvisar utmärkt prestanda och fastställer att direkt femtosekundlaserskrivning (DLW) är ett lovande tillvägagångssätt för integration av glasmikrostrukturer i kompakta och robusta fotoniksystem.

Den andra delen av avhandlingen fokuserar på femtosekundlasertillverkade MSC:er. Två energilagringsenheter har utvecklats. Den första använder en heterogen MXene/PEDOT:PSS-bläckformulering som mönstrats på papperssubstrat via direkt bläckskrivning (DIW) följt av ritsning med femtosekundlaser, vilket resulterar i flexibla, metallfria MSC-serier med hög kapacitans per yta och justerbar spänning. Den andra enheten använder ett 3D-utskrivet nanogitter-skelett med vertikalt orienterade plattor tillverkade i HSQ, följt av konform beläggning med ledande material. Denna design förbättrar jontransporten avsevärt och ökar elektrodytan. Resultatet är en enhet med rekordhög karakteristisk frekvens på 5 .72 kHz samt utmärkt kapacitansstabilitetöver 450 000 cykler, vilket gör den väl lämpad för växelströmsfiltrering i mikroelektronik.

Sammanfattningsvis visar detta arbete att tillverkningstekniker som använder femtosekundlaserteknik erbjuder kraftfulla och mångsidiga möjligheter för tillverkning av miniatyriserade fotoniska och energilagrande komponenter. Kombinationen av additiv 3D-mikrotillverkning, materialomvandling och strukturell kontroll öppnar nya vägar för att integrera funktionella material i kompakta system. Framtida forskning kan fokusera på utökad materialkompatibilitet, utveckling av mer komplexa fotoniska arkitekturer och integration av energilagring med mikroelektroniska kretsar. Tillsammans utgör dessa bidrag en skalbar, exakt och robust tillverkningsplattform för nästa generations mikroenheter.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. p. x, 75
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2025:95
Keywords
Femtosecond laser, Direct laser writing, Fiber optics, 3D printing, Micro-supercapacitors
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Research subject
Electrical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-372101 (URN)978-91-8106-432-2 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-11-28, F3, Lindstedtvägen 26, Stockholm, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20251027

Available from: 2025-10-28 Created: 2025-10-25 Last updated: 2025-11-12Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

No full text in DiVA

Other links

Publisher's full textScopus

Authority records

Xue, HanHuang, Po-HanLai, Lee-LunSu, YingchunStrömberg, AxelCao, GaolongFan, YuzhuKhartsev, SergeyGöthelid, MatsSun, Yan-TingWeissenrieder, JonasGylfason, Kristinn B.Niklaus, FrankLi, Jiantong

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Xue, HanHuang, Po-HanLai, Lee-LunSu, YingchunStrömberg, AxelCao, GaolongFan, YuzhuKhartsev, SergeyGöthelid, MatsSun, Yan-TingWeissenrieder, JonasGylfason, Kristinn B.Niklaus, FrankLi, Jiantong
By organisation
Electronics and Embedded systemsMicro and NanosystemsLight and Matter PhysicsApplied Physics
Materials ChemistryOther Physics Topics

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar

doi
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
urn-nbn
Total: 104 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf