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106.25 Gbaud On-Off Keying and Pulse Amplitude Modulation Links Supporting Next Generation Ethernet on Single Lambda
Riga Technical University, Communication Technologies Research Center, Riga, Latvia, 1048; Riga Technical University, Institute of Telecommunications, Riga, Latvia.
Riga Technical University, Communication Technologies Research Center, Riga, Latvia, 1048; Riga Technical University, Institute of Telecommunications, Riga, Latvia.
Keysight Technologies GmbH, Böblingen, Germany.
Keysight Technologies GmbH, Böblingen, Germany.
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2024 (English)In: Journal of Lightwave Technology, ISSN 0733-8724, E-ISSN 1558-2213, Vol. 42, no 4, p. 1272-1280Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Development of Data Center based computing technology require energy efficient high-speed transmission links. This leads to optical amplification-free intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) systems with low complexity equalization compliant with IEEE standardized electrical interfaces. Switching from on-off keying to multi-level pulse amplitude modulation would allow to reduce lane count for next generation Ethernet interfaces. We characterize 106.25 Gbaud on-off keying, 4-level and 6-level pulse amplitude modulation links using two integrated transmitters: O-band directly modulated laser and C-band externally modulated laser. Simple feed forward or decision feedback equalizer is used. We demonstrate 106.25 Gbaud on-off keying links operating without forward error correction for both transmitters. We also show 106.25 Gbaud 4-level and 6-level pulse amplitude modulation links with performance below 6.25% overhead hard-decision forward error threshold of 4.5 × 10<sup>-3</sup>. Furthermore, for EML-based transmitter we achieve 106.25 Gbaud 4-level pulse amplitude modulation performance below KP-FEC threshold of 2.2 × 10<sup>-4</sup>. That shows that we can use optics to support (2x)100 Gbps Ethernet on single lambda at expense of simple forward error correction.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2024. Vol. 42, no 4, p. 1272-1280
Keywords [en]
Directly modulated laser, externally modulated laser, on-off keying, optical interconnects, pulse amplitude modulation
National Category
Telecommunications
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-366964DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2023.3328774ISI: 001167087500015Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85181568282OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-366964DiVA, id: diva2:1983933
Note

QC 20250714

Available from: 2025-07-14 Created: 2025-07-14 Last updated: 2025-07-14Bibliographically approved

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Joharifar, MahdiehSchatz, RichardWestergren, UrbanPopov, SergeiPang, XiaodanOzolins, Oskars

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