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Global and National Entanglements: HIV/AIDS response in Mozambique, 1986-2020
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Philosophy and History, History of Science, Technology and Environment. Instituto Superior de Arte e Cultura.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4325-5022
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

With a focus on Mozambique, this thesis aims at understanding the interaction between global and national actors in the HIV/AIDS response from the late 1980s to 2020. There are four specific case studies: the ways in which Notícias (a government newspaper) framed the HIV/AIDS response from the late 1980s to 2020; HIV/AIDS policies from the late 1980s to 2020; the participation of traditional healers in the HIV/AIDS response from the early 1990s to 2020; and the participation of civil society organisations in the HIV/AIDS response from the early 1990s to 2020. 

There are three overarching research questions: 1) What has characterised the interaction between global and national actors in the HIV/AIDS response in the context of post-colonial Mozambique? 2) How do national actors operate in a system characterised by asymmetric power relations? 3) What are the social and political consequences of the participation of national, non-governmental actors in the HIV/AIDS response in the context of asymmetrical power relations?

I argue that the history of the HIV/AIDS response in Mozambique is characterised by permanent conflict or tension between global and national actors. In contrast to earlier studies, which focus on the role of external actors, the contribution of this thesis rests on the permanent conflict perspective between HIV/AIDS global and national actors, including Mozambique’s national context (political, socioeconomic, and cultural history).

Abstract [sv]

Denna avhandling syftar till att analysera interaktionen mellan globala och nationella aktörer inblandande i arbetet mot HIV/AIDS från 1980-talet till 2020, med focus på Moçambique. Detta görs genom fyra fallstudier: hur den statligt kontrollerade tidningen Notícias bevakade arbetet mot HIV/AIDS från det första konstaterade fallet 1986 fram till i dag; hur den inhemska policyutvecklingen på området förändrades över tid; hur utövare av traditionell medicin kom att inkorporeras i AIDS-bekämpningen från 1990-talets början; och, slutligen, hur civilsamhällets organisationers delaktighet i det övergripande arbetet mot HIV/AIDS kan förstås ur ett längre historiskt perspektiv. 

Mina tre övergripande forskningsfrågor lyder: 1) Vad karaktäriserade interaktionen mellan globala och nationella aktörer i arbetet mot HIV/AIDS i det post-koloniala Moçambique? 2) Hur agerar nationella aktörer i ett system som karaktäriseras av asymmetriska maktrelationer och graden beroende av utländska aktörer? 3) Vilka sociala och politiska konsekvenser får deltagandet av nationella NGO:s i arbetet mot HIV/AIDS givet de asymmetriska maktrelationerna?

Jag hävdar att arbetet mot HIV/AIDS i Moçambique karaktäriseras av permanenta konflikter och friktion mellan de globala och de nationella aktörerna. I motsats till tidigare studier, som ofta fokuserar på de externa aktörernas roll, är denna avhandlings bidrag att den framhäver det permanenta spänningsförhållandet mellan aktörerna, med särskilt fokus på Moçambiques politiska, socioekonomiska och kulturella historia.

Abstract [pt]

Com foco em Moçambique, a tese visa compreender a interacção entre os actores globais e nacionais na resposta ao HIV/SIDA desde o final da década de 1980 até 2020. Existem quatro estudos de caso: a forma como o Notícias (um jornal governamental) constrói a resposta ao HIV/SIDA desde o final da década de 1980 até 2020; Políticas sobre HIV/SIDA desde finais da década de 1980 até 2020; a participação dos curandeiros na resposta ao HIV/SIDA desde o início da década de 1990 até 2020; e a participação de organizações da sociedade civil na resposta ao HIV/SIDA desde o início da década de 1990 até 2020. 

Existem três perguntas gerais de investigação: 1) O que tem caracterizado a interacção entre os actores globais e nacionais na resposta ao HIV/SIDA no contexto de Moçambique pós-colonial? 2) Como é que os actores nacionais operam num sistema caracterizado por relações assimétricas de poder? 3) Quais são as consequências sociais e políticas da participação de actores não-governamentais nacionais na resposta ao HIV/SIDA no contexto de relações assimétricas de poder?

Defendo que a história da resposta ao HIV/SIDA em Moçambique é caracterizada por conflictos ou tensões permanentes entre actores globais e nacionais. Contrariamente aos estudos anteriores, que se concentram no papel dos actores externos, a contribuição desta tese assenta na perspectiva de conflicto permanente entre os actores globais e nacionais na resposta ao HIV/SIDA, incluindo o contexto nacional de Moçambique (história política, socioeconómica e cultural). 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. , p. 141
Series
TRITA-ABE-DLT ; 2535
Keywords [en]
HIV/AIDS, global actors, national actors, non-human actors, media, policies, civil society organisations, traditional healers, sustainability, conflict, Mozambique, HIV/AIDS, globala aktörer, nationella aktörer, media, policies, civilsamhällets organisationer, utövare av traditionell medicin, hållbarhet, konflikt, Moçammbique, HIV/SIDA, actores gobais, actores nacionais, meios de comunicação, políticas, organizações da sociedade civil, médicos tradicionais, sustentabiIidade, conflicto, Moçambique
Keywords [pt]
HIV/AIDS, actores globais, actores nacionais, meios de comunicação, políticas, organizações da sociedade civil, médicos tradicionais, sustentabilidade, conflicto, Moçambique
Keywords [sv]
HIV/AIDS, globala aktörer, nationalla aktörer, media, policies, civilsamhällets organisationer, utövare av traditionell medicin, hållbarhet, konflikt, Moçambique
National Category
Humanities and the Arts Social Sciences
Research subject
History of Science, Technology and Environment
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-369626ISBN: 978-91-8106-393-6 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-369626DiVA, id: diva2:1997277
Public defence
2025-10-06, F3, Lindstedtvägen 26, KTH Campus, public video conference link https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/69683020333, Stockholm, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Sida - Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
Note

QC 20250911

Available from: 2025-09-11 Created: 2025-09-11 Last updated: 2025-09-18Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Framing HIV and AIDS in competitive authoritarian democracies: Case study of the print press in Mozambique, 1986–2020
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Framing HIV and AIDS in competitive authoritarian democracies: Case study of the print press in Mozambique, 1986–2020
2024 (English)In: African Journal of AIDS Research, ISSN 1608-5906, E-ISSN 1727-9445, Vol. 23, no 3-4, p. 73-83Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Mozambique has the sixth highest prevalence of HIV in the world and ranks fourth in new infections. The government-owned print press Notícias has played an important role in the social construction of HIV and AIDS in the country as it was entrusted with the role of disseminating HIV and AIDS information to the public since the outbreak of the pandemic in the country in 1986. Using Notícias’ articles and frame analysis perspective, the article analyses the way Notícias has framed HIV and AIDS in the country since the late 1980s. The choice of media results from the fact that the way a phenomenon is constructed influences the way it is understood, as well as the way people may behave before it. The study found that Notícias’ frames on HIV and AIDS have suffered from a threefold tension: the need to maintain the Frelimo government’s former centralised and grassroots-orientated socialist ideology of health services in the context of the liberal market; the need to balance the influence of the global multilateral and bilateral actors and the Frelimo government’s political interest of translating HIV and AIDS response to the Mozambican context; and the need to portray a nationalist and positive image of the government’s performance in HIV and AIDS response before Mozambique’s non-fully plausible societal practices for an effective HIV and AIDS response. In a top-down approach, Notícias’ frames reflect not only the African post-independence ancillary and nationalist role of government-owned print press but also the power of global actors. Less is done from the societal bottom-up perspective.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
National Inquiry Services Center (NISC), 2024
National Category
Other Humanities not elsewhere specified
Research subject
History of Science, Technology and Environment
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-355829 (URN)10.2989/16085906.2024.2361003 (DOI)001348342600001 ()39473361 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85209932976 (Scopus ID)
Projects
CHEPIS
Funder
Sida - Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
Note

QC 20241105

Available from: 2024-11-01 Created: 2024-11-01 Last updated: 2025-09-12Bibliographically approved
2. Global and national frictions: HIV/AIDS policies in Mozambique, 1986-2020
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Global and national frictions: HIV/AIDS policies in Mozambique, 1986-2020
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Humanities and the Arts Social Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-369632 (URN)
Note

QC 20250917

Available from: 2025-09-11 Created: 2025-09-11 Last updated: 2025-09-17Bibliographically approved
3. A matter of assimilation and control: Including traditional healers in HIV/AIDS response in Mozambique, 1992-2020
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A matter of assimilation and control: Including traditional healers in HIV/AIDS response in Mozambique, 1992-2020
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Humanities and the Arts Social Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-369634 (URN)
Note

QC 20250917

Available from: 2025-09-11 Created: 2025-09-11 Last updated: 2025-09-17Bibliographically approved
4. Beyond financial indicators: sustainability of civil society organisations in HIV/AIDS response in Mozambique, 1990-2020
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Beyond financial indicators: sustainability of civil society organisations in HIV/AIDS response in Mozambique, 1990-2020
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Humanities and the Arts Social Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-369635 (URN)
Note

QC 20250917

Available from: 2025-09-11 Created: 2025-09-11 Last updated: 2025-09-17Bibliographically approved

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