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Efficiency optimization for large-scale droplet-based electricity generator arrays with integrated microsupercapacitor arrays
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Embedded systems.ORCID iD: 0009-0005-1642-5227
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Embedded systems.ORCID iD: 0009-0008-3459-3138
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Embedded systems.ORCID iD: 0009-0006-2695-180X
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Embedded systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6430-6135
2025 (English)In: Nature Communications, E-ISSN 2041-1723, Vol. 16, no 1, article id 8530Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Droplet-based electricity generators are lightweight and nearly metal-free, making them promising for hydraulic power applications. However, two critical challenges hinder their practical application: significant performance degradation, potentially up to 90%, in existing small-scale integrated panels, and low efficiency, often less than 2%, in storing the irregular high-voltage pulsed electricity produced by large-scale arrays. Here, we demonstrate that by tailoring the bottom electrodes so that their area is comparable to the spread area of the impinging water droplets, we double the average output power of individual cells and fabricate large-scale (30-cell) arrays that achieve approximately 2.5 times higher power than state-of-the-art arrays. Furthermore, without using any power management chip, we integrate a large-scale (400-cell) micro-supercapacitor array to store the irregular high-voltage electricity produced by the 30-cell generator array at an efficiency of 21.8%. The integration of large-scale electricity generator arrays and micro-supercapacitor arrays forms a simple, chipless, self-charging power system with an output power of 81.2 μW, which is 27 times higher than current systems based on 30-cell arrays. This work provides important insights towards practical applications of droplet-based electricity generators.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature , 2025. Vol. 16, no 1, article id 8530
National Category
Energy Engineering Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-371114DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-64289-yISI: 001582507700024PubMedID: 41006330Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105017414170OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-371114DiVA, id: diva2:2003701
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2019-04731Swedish Energy Agency, P2023-00800The Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education (STINT), CH2017-7284
Note

QC 20251009

Available from: 2025-10-03 Created: 2025-10-03 Last updated: 2025-12-05Bibliographically approved

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Li, ZhengChen, ShiqianFu, YujieLi, Jiantong

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