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The influence of Customer Satisfaction on Bank Earnings: Analysing Sustained Effects and Nonlinearity
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management.
2025 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

In the banking and finance industry, a transformation is underway in which customer interactions are shifting from physical bank branches to digital channels. Within this change, there is a need to understand the relationship between customer satisfaction and banks’ long-term revenues from customers. 

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between customer satisfaction and a bank’s revenue at the individual customer level over time. Specifically, it investigates whether higher satisfaction is associated with greater revenue growth, whether this effect is sustained over time, and whether the relationship is linear or nonlinear across satisfaction levels.  The analysis combines subjective data from a customer survey (19,060 anonymised telephone interviews with Swedish bank customers) and objective data. 

The results indicate that higher customer satisfaction is associated with greater revenue growth at the individual customer level, even after controlling for demographic and socioeconomic factors. Consistent with previous research, the explanatory power of the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer revenue is low. Customers with medium and high satisfaction levels increase their revenues more than those with low satisfaction. The relationship between customer satisfaction and bank revenue exhibits a nonlinear pattern: it is significant at higher satisfaction levels but to peaks at scores between 80 and 89 on a 100-point scale. Nonlinear effects are observed for revenue levels, not for revenue growth. Suggesting that socioeconomic constraints and low involvement may explain the diminishing returns at high satisfaction levels.

This dissertation contributes to the understanding of customer satisfaction dynamics within the banking sector by demonstrating, the sustained effects of customer satisfaction on customer revenue over a four-year period, while controlling for relevant demographic and financial variables. The study presents new empirical evidence of a nonlinear relationship between customer satisfaction and individual-level bank revenues. The findings indicate diminishing financial returns to maximizing satisfaction, which, together with other results of the study, underscores the importance of differentiated marketing strategies based on varying levels of customer satisfaction.

Abstract [sv]

I bank- och finansindustrin pågår en transformation där kundinteraktioner flyttas från fysiska bankkontor till digitala kanaler. I denna förändring finns behov av att förstå sambandet mellan kundnöjdhet och bankers långsiktiga intäkter från kunder. 

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka sambandet mellan kundnöjdhet och en banks intäkter på individnivå över tid. Studien utforskar om kunder med högre nöjdhet har en större intäktstillväxt jämfört med de med lägre nöjdhet. Den utforskar också om kundnöjdhet har en bestående effekt (över fyra år) på intäktstillväxt från kunder, och om denna effekt skiljer sig mellan olika nivåer av nöjdhet. Dessutom studeras om sambandet mellan kundnöjdhet och intäktstillväxt är linjärt eller icke-linjärt vid olika nöjdhetsnivåer. Analysen baseras på en kombination av subjektiva data från en kundundersökning (19 060 anonymiserade telefonintervjuer med svenska bankkunder) och objektiva data gällande intäkter från kunder.

Resultaten indikerar att högre kundnöjdhet är förknippad med större intäktstillväxt, även när demografiska och socioekonomiska faktorer kontrolleras för. I likhet med tidigare forskning är förklaringsgraden mellan kundnöjdhet och intjäning låg. Kunder med medelhög och hög nöjdhet uppvisar en starkare ökning av sina intäkter till banken än kunder med låg nöjdhet, även om effekten avtar över tid. Sambandet mellan kundnöjdhet och bankintäkter på kundnivå uppvisar ett icke-linjärt mönster: det är signifikant vid högre nivåer av nöjdhet, men når sin topp vid betyg mellan 80 och 89 på en 100-gradig skala. Signifikanta icke-linjära effekter observeras endast för intäktsnivån, inte för tillväxten av intäkter, vilket antyder att socioekonomiska faktorer och lågt kundengagemang kan förklara de avtagande effekterna vid mycket höga nöjdhetsnivåer.

Avhandlingens forskningsbidrag är att den på individnivå inom banksektorn utforskar icke-linjäritet samt kvardröjande effekter av kundnöjdhet vid ett visst tillfälle, på intjäningen över tid (fyra år), med hänsyn taget till kontroll variabler. Studien presenterar ny empirisk evidens för ett icke-linjärt samband mellan kundnöjdhet och bankkunders intäkter på individnivå. Resultaten visar på avtagande ekonomisk avkastning av att maximera nöjdhet, vilket tillsammans med andra resultat i studien understryker betydelsen av differentierade marknadsföringsstrategier utifrån olika kundnöjdhetsnivåer.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. , p. 39
Series
TRITA-ABE-DLT ; 2541
Keywords [en]
Bank, Customer Satisfaction, Revenue Growth, Individual Level, Sustained Effects, Nonlinear Effects
Keywords [sv]
Bank, kundnöjdhet, tillväxt i intjäning, individuell nivå, ihållande effekt, icke linjära effekter
National Category
Business Administration
Research subject
Business Studies
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-372011ISBN: 978-91-8106-447-6 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-372011DiVA, id: diva2:2008458
Presentation
2025-11-13, Gradängsalen, rum 5703, plan 5, Teknikringen 1, KTH Campus, public video conference link Meeting ID: 378 527 767 519 2 Passcode: fn6eL7RT https://teams.microsoft.com/l/meetup-join/19%3ameeting_ZDJmYzY5NTctN2FhYS00Zjc4LTllNjAtODY4OGQ3M2M4MTQy%40thread.v2/0?context=%7b%22Tid%22%3a%223db27ecc-1791-4dda-9b51-798adfa4a3ca%22%2c%22Oid%22%3a%22d6fd88e6-3d29-4e50-bc42-7c3853b60d16%22%7d, Stockholm, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20251027

Available from: 2025-10-27 Created: 2025-10-22 Last updated: 2025-11-03Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. The sustained impact of higher customer satisfaction on bank revenue
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The sustained impact of higher customer satisfaction on bank revenue
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This study examines the link between customer satisfaction and individual-level bank revenue growth, drawing on data from 19,060 Swedish retail banking customers that combine survey responses with objective bank records. Furthermore, we investigate whether the effect of satisfaction on revenue growth involves a sustained effect, meaning that the effect is sustained for one, two, three, and four years after the measurement of satisfaction, and whether this effect differs across customer satisfaction levels. The results show that higher satisfaction is associated with greater sustained revenue growth, with more pronounced effects for customers in the medium-high and highest satisfaction groups. By contrast, no significant sustained revenue growth could be observed for customers at the low and low-medium satisfaction levels. The research does not support the hypothesis of diminishing returns when moving from the medium-high to the highest satisfaction, although weak indications suggest scope for further exploration. Overall, the findings demonstrate the long-term revenue growth of satisfied customers and emphasize the importance of targeting customers with lower to medium-low satisfaction to enhance overall revenue performance.  

Keywords
Bank customer satisfaction, bank revenue, individual level, sustained effects, nonlinear effects
National Category
Economics and Business
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-371808 (URN)
Note

QC 20251021

Available from: 2025-10-20 Created: 2025-10-20 Last updated: 2025-10-22Bibliographically approved
2. Exploring nonlinear relationships between individual-level bank customer satisfaction and revenue
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Exploring nonlinear relationships between individual-level bank customer satisfaction and revenue
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This study examines the nonlinear relationship between customer satisfaction and both the level and growth of customer revenue at the individual level in the banking sector. It tests the hypothesis of diminishing returns at high satisfaction levels and explores how customer characteristics and temporal dynamics influence this relationship. Using a unique dataset of 19,054 Swedish bank customers, the study combines subjective satisfaction measures with objective financial and demographic data. Regression analyses assess the effects of satisfaction on revenue level and growth, controlling for key customer characteristics. The persistence of nonlinear effects is evaluated up to four years after the satisfaction measurement. The data span from 2013 to 2017. Customer satisfaction is positively associated with both revenue level and growth, but the relationship is not strictly linear. Evidence suggests diminishing returns at the upper end of satisfaction: customers scoring 80-89 generate higher revenues than those scoring 90-100. This ceiling effect is weak (significant at the 10% level) and absent for revenue growth. Satisfaction explains less than one percent of revenue variation, indicating that other factors play a stronger role. Older women with low incomes, and no debt are more likely to exhibit ceiling effects, while wealth has no influence. Nonlinear effects fade after the first year, though gender remains a consistent moderator. The study provides novel evidence of nonlinearity in the satisfaction-bank customer revenue link at the individual level. It highlights the limited financial returns of maximizing satisfaction and underscores the need for differentiated marketing and segmentation strategies for highly satisfied customers. 

Keywords
customer satisfaction, bank customer revenue, nonlinear relationship, diminishing returns, ceiling effect, effect size
National Category
Economics and Business
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-371809 (URN)
Note

QC 20251021

Available from: 2025-10-20 Created: 2025-10-20 Last updated: 2025-10-22Bibliographically approved

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Segerlind, Carin

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