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Building Safety in Relation to Homosocial Practices  – a Study on Workplace Culture in the Construction Sector
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.). Högskolan Dalarna.ORCID iD: 0009-0002-8213-3992
2025 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Sustainable development
SDG 8: Decent work and economic growth, SDG 5: Gender equality, SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities
Abstract [en]

The Swedish construction sector suffers from a high number of accidents and the persistence of a homosocial workplace culture in which masculine attributes are central. Despite growing awareness that these tendencies are interrelated, the circumstances persist.

In response to these two problems, the aim of this licentiate thesis is to explore the dynamics between homosocial practices and safety practices at construction sites, and the implications these might have for workers’ and site management’s workplace culture.

To facilitate this exploration, a sequential mixed-methods design based on semi-structured interviews and a cross-sectional questionnaire study was deployed. A theoretical framework synthesising theories of safety, homosociality and masculinity was used to analyse recurring practices at four construction sites across two construction organisations.

In brief, the research questions concerned characterising recurring homosocial and safety practices (1 and 2), and what implications the interplay between these have on the workplace culture (3).

The thesis has three main contributions. First, it demonstrates how homosocial practices can persist even as the workplace culture undergoes a transformation towards becoming more accepting of expressions of care. Second, it shows how homosociality and safety intersect with each other through men’s efforts to align their safety practices with those of other men. Through these practices, men seek to pursue and demonstrate their own maturity. Finally, the thesis links changing masculine ideals with a changing safety culture through homosocial practices.

For practitioners, a key implication is that efforts to sustain a robust safety culture can shape prevalent homosocial practices through a dialectical relationship, where these practices also influence the safety culture. However, top-down approaches to fostering a culture centred on care and strong safety practices face limitations. These include ambiguities in how care for fellow construction workers is interpreted, as well as the project-based nature of the construction sector. To address these limitations, it is important to emphasise collectiveness alongside self-care. Cultivating such a shared understanding of safety priorities may incentivise homosocial practices that strengthen safety performance. 

Abstract [sv]

Den svenska byggsektorn kännetecknas av ett stort antal olyckor och en homosocial arbetsplatskultur där byggarbetare bevisar sin manlighet bland annat genom att ta risker. Trots en växande medvetenhet om sambandet mellan olyckorna och kulturen består problemen.

Därför är syftet med denna licentiatavhandling att undersöka dynamiken mellan homosociala praktiker och säkerhetspraktiker på byggarbetsplatser, och vilka konsekvenser dynamiken kan ha för byggarbetarna och platsledningens arbetsplatskultur.

En sequential mixed-methods design som bygger på semi-strukturerade intervjuer och en tvärsnittsstudie användes för att besvara syftet. Ett teoretiskt ramverk som använder bygger på säkerhet, homosocialitet och maskulinitet används för att analysera återkommande praktiker i två byggföretag.

Forskningsfrågorna berörde de återkommande homosociala och säkerhetspraktikernas karaktärer (1 & 2) samt vilken betydelse dessa har för arbetsplatskulturen.

Avhandlingen har tre bidrag till framtida forskning och praktiker. För det första belyser studien hur homosociala praktiker kan bestå samtidigt som arbetsplatskulturen förändras och mer öppet upphöjer uttryck av omsorg som statusbärande praktik. Det andra bidraget är att avhandlingen beskriver samspelet mellan homosocialitet och säkerhet genom att visa hur manliga byggarbetare strävar efter att koordinera sina säkerhetspraktiker med andra män. I denna dynamik, som formas av åldersbaserade förväntningar mellan män, försöker byggarbetare uppnå och visa sin egen mognad. Slutligen visar avhandlingen att förändringar i säkerhetskultur på byggarbetsplatser kan kopplas till förändrade maskulina ideal genom homosociala praktiker.

En viktig slutsats för praktiker och yrkesutövare är att medvetna försök att förändra homosociala praktiker genom att utveckla en stark säkerhetskultur begränsas av flera organisatoriska och kulturella faktorer. Dessa faktorer är bland annat den tvetydighet som finns i hur omsorg uttrycks bland byggarbetare, samt hur sektorns projektbaserade struktur begränsar långvariga försök. För att bemöta dessa begränsningar i säkerhetsarbetet lyfts vikten av att omsorg och ansvar omfattar både omsorg mot sig själv och sina medarbetare. Om en sådan dubbel förståelse av omsorg skapas kan det möjliggöra homosociala praktiker mellan män som stärker deras gemensamma säkerhetsarbete.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2025. , p. 144
Series
TRITA-ITM-AVL ; 2025:48
Keywords [en]
Construction Sector, Safety, Safety Culture, Gender, Homosociality, Workplace Culture
National Category
Work Sciences Gender Studies
Research subject
Industrial Economics and Management
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-373203ISBN: 978-91-8106-486-5 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-373203DiVA, id: diva2:2015671
Presentation
2025-12-12, Sal 443, Lindstedtsvägen 30, Stockholm, 10:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Svenska Byggbranschens Utvecklingsfond (SBUF), 14188Available from: 2025-11-22 Created: 2025-11-21 Last updated: 2025-11-24Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Homosocial communities at construction sites—a workplace culture in transition?
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Homosocial communities at construction sites—a workplace culture in transition?
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

In this article we explore homosocial practices, masculinities and workplace culture in the construction sector. The theoretical approach was process-oriented with the view that gender and workplace culture is constructed through social interactions and relations at work. A qualitative approach was employed using semi-structured interviews conducted at two construction sites. The material was analyzed thematically and in an abductive manner. Four practices for cooptation into the homosocial community appeared as status bringing: (i) showing interest, (ii) being older and having extensive experience, (iii) having the ability to be efficient and take risks, and (iv) being caring and loyal. Contradictions were identified in terms of openness for a hybrid caring masculinity at the same time as a hegemonic masculinity was celebrated when a project was threatened. When efficiency needed to increase a traditional homosocial workplace culture took over. Loyalty in terms of caring was interpreted differently depending on work situation.

Keywords
Construction work, Gender, Homosociality, Masculinities, Workplace culture, Work organization, Work practices
National Category
Work Sciences Gender Studies
Research subject
Industrial Engineering and Management
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-373200 (URN)
Note

QC 20251124

Under review

Available from: 2025-11-21 Created: 2025-11-21 Last updated: 2025-11-24Bibliographically approved
2. Constructing maturity: Safety and homosociality at construction sites
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Constructing maturity: Safety and homosociality at construction sites
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This article highlights the interplay between safety and homosocial practices in the construction sector. By analysing workplace culture as gendered and containing safety culture, a focus on practices maintained. A sequential mixed-methods design was used, featuring semi-structured interviews at four construction sites and cross-sectional use of the NOSACQ-50 survey to address the aim. Results developed from thematic analysis and independent t-tests are contrasted through abduction.

Four key aspects were identified through this analysis: (i) that homosociality interplays with safety through men seeking to align safety practices with other men; (ii) pursuing masculine maturity shapes the alignment on safety practices; (iii) changing notions of care, mastery and autonomy among men shapes their safety practices; and finally (iv) that while managerial attempts to strengthen safety culture can transform masculine norms at workplaces, this development is limited by ambivalent conceptions of care among men. This article contributes to research on the dynamics between safety and gender by highlighting the importance of stressing both collective and individual care as key to improve safety culture, and the role the pursuit of maturity plays in safety practices among men.

Keywords
Construction work, Safety, Safety Culture, Gender, Homosociality, Workplace culture
National Category
Work Sciences Gender Studies
Research subject
Industrial Economics and Management
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-373201 (URN)
Note

Target Journal is Safety Science.

QC 20251124

Available from: 2025-11-21 Created: 2025-11-21 Last updated: 2025-11-24Bibliographically approved

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