Electrified roads, as a novel low-carbon / zero-carbon heavy-duty truck transportation system, are essential for achieving“dual-carbon”targets in the transportation sector. However, the economic feasibility of this system relative to other heavy-duty truck transportation modes has not been sufficiently discussed. [Objective] Therefore, a cost model for different modes of heavy-truck transportation systems is constructed to promote the transformation of heavy-truck transportation modes from an economic perspective and promote the sustainable development of road transport. [Methods] The lifecycle cost method is used to integrate the costs of infrastructure construction, vehicles, battery replacement, energy consumption, and maintenance. By performing a sensitivity analysis of the key factors, the cost differences between different heavy-duty truck transportation system modes are examined. The cost variation trends for each transportation mode over different operational lifespans are disclosed. [Results] As the number of operational years increases, electrified roads demonstrate substantial advantages owing to their lower energy consumption costs and the gradual amortization of initial construction expenses. In particular, the segmented contact-network installation scheme incurs a low cost. Electricity tariffs and battery prices significantly affect the cost of the segmented contact-network installation plan. However, oil-price fluctuations have the most pronounced effect on conventional fuel-based schemes compared with other factors. [Conclusions] As the cost of fossil fuels increases gradually and the cost of batteries decreases, an electrified road system with a segmented catenary erection scheme is show to be optimal for reducing carbon emissions and transportation costs.