kth.sePublications KTH
1232 of 3
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Numerical modeling of atrial dynamics and venous cannulation for extracorporeal life support
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics.ORCID iD: 0009-0000-9546-2002
2025 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

 Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life saving therapy for critically ill patients with refractory respiratory failure. To support gas exchange, blood is drained from the patient via a cannula and circulated outside the body through a membrane lung, after which the blood is returned to the patient. The exposure of blood to non-physiological conditions triggers blood damage and thrombus formation in the circuit. While cannula placement induces different blood flow dynamics, and thus distinct complications, the decision of cannula configuration often lands on the preferences of the medical center.

From medical imaging, a patient-averaged model was derived and cannulae were inserted in femoro-femoral (FF) configuration. Previously studied configurations (femoro-jugular and jugulo-femoral) were re-simulated in the updated geometry. Through large eddy simulations (LES), a direct comparison of configurations could be made. The focus was specifically on clinically relevant metrics for oxygenation performance, thrombus formation and blood damage. FF generated more pronounced negative pressures in the inferior vana cava, associated with a risk of vessel collapse. Wall shear stresses, linked to thrombosis and plaque formation, exceeded recommended limits even at low ECMO flow rates. Furthering our understanding of induced flow dynamics from cannulation by such means may provide insights on optimal cannulation strategies, aiding clinicians in making informed decisions.

Exact modeling of vascular walls and blood is challenging due to the complexity and variability of the cardiovascular system, which has led to a common modeling simplification being treating walls and heart chambers as rigid. While this assumption facilitates computational modeling, it is important to assess its validity. A dynamic model of the right atrium (RA) was thus created using mesh morphing, mirroring known motion of the atrial wall. Through LES simulations, hemodynamic metrics were compared to a rigid counterpart model, establishing a sensitivity assessment of the rigid wall assumption for RA modeling. The rigid model underestimated fluid activity in the auricle, leading to an underestimation in wall shear stress and an overestimation of blood residence time and stagnation in this region. These results provide guidance on the validity of the rigid wall assumption, to increase our understanding of which sensitivities are important to consider for specific modeling applications. 

Abstract [sv]

Venovenös extrakorporeal membranoxygenering (ECMO) är en livräddande behandling för kritiskt sjuka patienter med refraktär respiratorisk svikt. För att stödja gasutbytet dräneras blod från patienten via en kanyl och pumpas utanför kroppen genom en membranlunga, varefter blodet återförs till patienten. Exponering av blod för icke-fysiologiska förhållanden kan inducera blodskada och trombbildning i kretsen. Samtidigt som kanylplacering ger upphov till olika blodflödesdynamik, och därmed olika komplikationer, baseras valet av kanylkonfiguration ofta på det medicinska centrats preferenser.

Utifrån medicinska bilddata konstruerades en medelvärderad patientmodell och kanyler insattes i femoro-femoral (FF) konfiguration. Tidigare studerade konfigurationer (femoro-jugular och jugulo-femoral) simulerades om i den uppdaterade geometrin. Genom large eddy simuleringar (LES) kunde en direkt jämförelse göras mellan konfigurationer. Fokus låg särskilt på kliniskt relevanta mått för syresättningsförmåga, trombbildning och blodskada. FF genererade större negativa tryck i nedre hålvenen, vilket är förknippat med risk för kärlkollaps. Väggskjuvspänningar, kopplade till trombos och plackbildning överskred rekommenderade gränser även vid låga ECMO flöden. Fördjupad förståelse av inducerad flödesdynamik från kanylering kan ge insikter om optimala kanyleringsstrategier och därigenom hjälpa kliniker att fatta välgrundade beslut.

Exakt modellering av kärlväggar och blod är utmanande på grund av kardiovaskulära systemets komplexitet och variabilitet, vilket har lett till en modelleringsförenkling där väggar och hjärtkammare behandlas som stela. Även om detta antagande förenklar beräkningar är det viktigt att utvärdera dess validitet. En dynamisk modell av höger förmak (HF) skapades därför med mesh morfning, som speglar känd rörelse från bilder. Genom LES simuleringar jämfördes hemodynamiska parametrar med en motsvarande stel modell, vilket möjliggjorde en känslighetsanalys av antagandet om stela väggar vid HF modellering. Den stela modellen underskattade flödesaktivitet i höger förmaks hjärtöra, vilket ledde till en underskattning av väggskjuvspänningen och en överskattning av blodets uppehållstid och stagnation i detta område. Dessa resultat ger vägledning kring känsligheten av antagandet om stela väggar och fördjupar samtidigt förståelsen av vilka känsligheter som är viktiga att beakta för specifika tillämpningar.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2025.
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2025:73
Keywords [en]
Computational fluid dynamics, hemodynamics, cannulation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, right atrium, mesh morphing
National Category
Fluid Mechanics
Research subject
Engineering Mechanics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-374176ISBN: 978-91-8106-494-0 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-374176DiVA, id: diva2:2022146
Presentation
2026-01-26, D3, Lindstedtvägen 5, Stockholm, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
EU, Horizon Europe, ERC CoG 2021: Project 101045453 - fitsCAN
Note

QC 251216

Available from: 2025-12-16 Created: 2025-12-16 Last updated: 2026-01-12Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Hemodynamics in femoro-femoral venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation using large eddy simulations
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Hemodynamics in femoro-femoral venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation using large eddy simulations
Show others...
2025 (English)In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 15, no 1, article id 35229Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used for support in refractory severe respiratory failure. Venous drainage and return are accomplished through cannulation of patient’s major veins, typically on the neck and/or the groins. Cannulation configuration may affect treatment efficiency, but it remains unclear if any strategy is superior. Computational fluid dynamics was used to evaluate and compare the femoro-femoral (FF), jugulo-femoral (JF), and femoro-jugular (FJ) cannulation configurations. Cannulae were modelled in an adult patient-averaged geometry of the right atrium and venae cavae. Large eddy simulations were performed at ECMO flow rates of 2–6 L/min. Time-averaged flow data was collected for assessment of flow parameters associated with clinical efficiency. FF cannulation showed lower recirculation than FJ and JF. Negative pressures in the inferior vena cava, associated with an increased risk of vascular collapse, were more pronounced in the FF configuration. Additionally, wall shear stresses exceeded physiological levels even at low flow rates and increased with higher flow, increasing the risk of blood trauma. Shear stress varied significantly inside the drainage cannula, highlighting sensitivity to local flow dynamics. This study advances our understanding of three common VV ECMO configurations, giving insights to improve efficiency and address clinical challenges.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2025
National Category
Fluid Mechanics Anesthesiology and Intensive Care
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-374172 (URN)10.1038/s41598-025-22403-6 (DOI)001591483100032 ()41068411 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-105018254691 (Scopus ID)
Funder
EU, Horizon Europe
Note

QC 20251217

Available from: 2025-12-16 Created: 2025-12-16 Last updated: 2025-12-17Bibliographically approved
2. The role of wall motion on right atrial flow dynamics
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The role of wall motion on right atrial flow dynamics
Show others...
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Disease Fluid Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-374174 (URN)
Funder
EU, Horizon Europe, ERC CoG 2021: Project 101045453 - fitsCAN
Note

QC 20251216

Available from: 2025-12-16 Created: 2025-12-16 Last updated: 2025-12-16Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

fulltext(18676 kB)53 downloads
File information
File name FULLTEXT01.pdfFile size 18676 kBChecksum SHA-512
8c2536ec8d3c597e577d20e43c0a59e513c04de179fbba31dd2711f78bcfe5c28d8b15bca6b28190515224bfafc4a1c560585deaef39a0821c89f6a71034d54f
Type fulltextMimetype application/pdf

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Hörwing, Hanna
By organisation
Fluid Mechanics
Fluid Mechanics

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar
The number of downloads is the sum of all downloads of full texts. It may include eg previous versions that are now no longer available

isbn
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

isbn
urn-nbn
Total: 883 hits
1232 of 3
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf