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SANDWICH: Towards an Offline, Differentiable, Fully-Trainable Wireless Neural Ray-Tracing Surrogate
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Theoretical Computer Science, TCS. KTH Royal Inst Tech, Stockholm, Sweden; Ericsson AB, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0866-8342
Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA.
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Software and Computer systems, SCS.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4516-7317
Xian Jiaotong Liverpool Univ, Suzhou, Peoples R China; Shanghai Univ, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
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2025 (English)In: 2025 IEEE International Conference On Machine Learning For Communication And Networking, Icmlcn, IEEE , 2025Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Wireless ray-tracing (RT) is emerging as a key tool for three-dimensional (3D) wireless channel modeling, driven by advances in graphical rendering. Current approaches struggle to accurately model beyond 5G (B5G) network signaling, which often operates at higher frequencies and is more susceptible to environmental conditions and changes. Existing online learning solutions require real-time interaction with radio environment during training, which is both costly and incompatible with GPU-based processing. In response, we propose a novel approach that redefines ray trajectory generation as a sequential decision-making problem, solved with the proposed Scene-Aware Neural Decision Wireless Channel Raytracing Hierarchy (SANDWICH) approach. The SANDWICH approach leverages a decision transformer to jointly learn the optical, physical, and signal properties within each designated environment in a fully differentiable approach, which can be trained entirely on GPUs. SANDWICH offers superior performance compared to existing online learning methods, and outperforms the baseline by 4e-2 rad in RT accuracy. Furthermore, channel gain estimation w.r.t predicted trajectory only fades 0.5 dB away from using ground truth wireless RT result for channel gain estimation.2 Index Terms-Wireless Raytracing, RF Sensing, Channel Modeling, Channel Generation

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IEEE , 2025.
Keywords [en]
Wireless Raytracing, RF Sensing, Channel Modeling, Channel Generation
National Category
Computer and Information Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-375653DOI: 10.1109/ICMLCN64995.2025.11139897ISI: 001576278800008Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105016789661ISBN: 979-8-3315-2043-4 (print)ISBN: 979-8-3315-2042-7 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-375653DiVA, id: diva2:2029108
Conference
2025 International Conference on Machine Learning for Communication and Networking-ICMLCN-Annual, MAY 26-29, 2025, Barcelona, SPAIN
Note

QC 20260116

Available from: 2026-01-16 Created: 2026-01-16 Last updated: 2026-01-16Bibliographically approved

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Jin, YifeiGirdzijauskas, Sarunas

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