This study evaluates the potential of resolvent analysis to model broadband trailing-edge (TE) noise generated by a turbulent boundary layer over an airfoil. A compressible resolvent formulation is applied to the mean flow obtained from large-eddy simulation (LES) of a NACA0012 airfoil at a chord Reynolds number of Re=200,000. The resulting modes are validated against spectral proper orthogonal decomposition of the LES data, enabling direct comparison between a physics-based model and data-driven analysis. We identify regions in the frequency-spanwise-wavenumber spectrum where the flow exhibits low-rank behavior, notably for low Helmholtz numbers and spanwise wavenumbers, coinciding with peak acoustic emissions. In these regions, the leading resolvent mode captures the dominant hydrodynamic and acoustic structures: wave packets on the suction side exploiting the Orr mechanism. The resolvent framework isolates the structures responsible for sound generation from the complete turbulent dynamics and links them to the mean flow, offering a physics-based model suited for noise control. Unlike empirical models requiring full turbulent spectra or high-fidelity simulations with prohibitive cost, the resolvent approach provides a low-order, efficient alternative. These results demonstrate its potential as a foundation for future sensitivity-based design strategies targeting broadband TE noise reduction.