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Federated Learning and Over-the-Air Computation: A Comparative Study
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS).
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS).
2025 (English)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
Abstract [en]

As Federated Learning (FL) emerges as a privacy-preserving alternative to centralized machine learning, ensuring communication efficiency becomes increasingly crucial. This paper examines two promising strategies: orthogonal FL utilizing sequential transmissions and Over-the-Air FL, where signals are combined in the air simultaneously. Their performance is evaluated across several key parameters to uncover trade-offs between accuracy and resource usage. A simulation framework was designed to assess convergence behavior under varying dataset complexities and data distributions. While orthogonal FL achieves higher accuracy and greater stability, Over-the-Air FL offers substantial communication savings, particularly in noise-resilient scenarios. These findings highlight important trade-offs between model performance and communication efficiency.

Abstract [sv]

I takt med att Federated Learning (FL) växer fram som ett integritetssäkert alternativ till centraliserad maskininlärning blir kommunikationseffektivitet allt viktigare. Denna rapport undersöker två lovande strategier: ortogonal FL med sekventiella överföringar samt Over-the-Air FL, där signaler kombineras direkt i luften genom samtidig överföring. Deras prestanda utvärderas utifrån flera centrala parametrar för att identifiera avvägningar mellan noggrannhet och resursanvändning. Ett simuleringsramverk har utformats för att analysera konvergensbeteende vid varierande datakomplexitet och datadistributioner. Även om ortogonal FL uppnår högre noggrannhet och större stabilitet, erbjuder Over-the-Air FL betydande kommunikationsvinster, särskilt i brusresistenta scenarier. Resultaten belyser viktiga avvägningar mellan modellprestanda och kommunikationseffektivitet.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025. , p. 415-425
Series
TRITA-EECS-EX ; 2025:140
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-376123OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-376123DiVA, id: diva2:2034011
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Examiners
Projects
Kandidatexamensarbete i Elektroteknik 2025, EECS, KTHAvailable from: 2026-01-30 Created: 2026-01-30

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CiteExportLink to record
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Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
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  • asciidoc
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