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Modeling and Simulation of the Pneumatic System of an Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mathematics (Dept.), Numerical Analysis, Optimization and Systems Theory.
2025 (English)Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Modellering och simulering av det pneumatiska systemet i en aortaballongpump (Swedish)
Abstract [en]

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally, and mechanical circulatory support devices such as the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) play a vital role in treatment in acute care. This thesis develops and validates a lumped-parameter Simscape model of the pneumatic system in Getinge's CardioSave IABP. The model incorporates conservation of mass, momentum and energy for compressible gas flow, and includes the compressor, safety disk (SD), tubing, and balloon. Three balloon representations were compared: (i) linear spring-damper, (ii) nonlinear spring-damper, and (iii) a soft spring with check valves to capture inflation and deflation thresholds. Parameters were estimated using least-squares optimization and the model was validated against experiments using a 40 cc balloon under external pressures of 25, 50 and 100 mmHg (gauge). The check valve model best reproduced the observed threshold behavior and achieved the lowest average shuttle pressure error. A use case study across atmospheric pressures of 450-760 mmHg and heart rates 30-200 bpm showed 10-90 % inflation and deflation times < 0.12 s, with full inflation volumes within acceptance limits. The index-1 DAE system was solved with an NDF2-based implicit solver, yielding stable and efficient simulations with small dispersive errors. While the simplified compressor model does not capture measured LPM-RPM curves across altitudes, the system-level dynamics are reproduced, making it useful for evaluating control strategies and design verification.

Abstract [sv]

Hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar är den ledande dödsorsaken globalt, och mekaniska cirkulationsstöd som intra-aortisk ballongpump (IABP) spelar en viktig roll vid akutvård. I detta examensarbete utvecklas och valideras en matematisk modell av det pneumatiska systemet i Getinges CardioSave IABP, implementerad i Simscape. Modellen bygger på lagar om bevarande av massa, rörelsemängd och energi för kompressibelt flöde och inkluderar kompressor, 'safety disk' (SD), slangsystem samt ballong. Tre olika ballongrepresentationer jämfördes: (i) linjärt fjäder-dämpare-system, (ii) icke-linjärt fjäder-dämpare-system samt (iii) en mjuk fjäder med backventiler för att beskriva tryck-trösklar vid uppblåsning och tömning. Parametrar identifierades med minsta kvadrat-metoden och modellen validerades mot experiment med en 40 cc-ballong under yttre tryck på 25, 50 och 100 mmHg (gauge). Backventilmodellen återgav bäst de observerade tröskelbeteendena och gav lägst genomsnittligt fel. En användningsstudie vid atmosfäriskt tryck mellan 450-760 mmHg och hjärtfrekvenser mellan 30-200 slag per minut visade 10-90 % uppblåsnings- och tömningstider < 0.12 s samt full uppblåsningsvolym inom acceptansgränserna. Det skapade index-1 DAE-systemet löstes med en implicit NDF2-baserad numerisk metod, vilket gav stabila och effektiva simuleringar med mindre dispersiva effekter. Även om den förenklade kompressormodellen inte återger uppmätta LPM-RPM-kurvor, lyckas modellen reproducera dynamiken på systemnivå, vilket gör att modellen är användbar för utvärdering av nya strategier och verifiering.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025.
Series
TRITA-SCI-GRU ; 2025:525
Keywords [en]
applied mathematics, computational mathematics, IABP
Keywords [sv]
tillämpad matematik, beräkningsmatematik, IABP
National Category
Computational Mathematics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-377588OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-377588DiVA, id: diva2:2042644
External cooperation
Getinge AB
Subject / course
Metal Working
Educational program
Master of Science - Applied and Computational Mathematics
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2026-03-03 Created: 2026-03-02 Last updated: 2026-03-03Bibliographically approved

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