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HDAnalyzeR: streamlining data analysis for biomarker research
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Systems Biology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2781-3872
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Systems Biology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.ORCID iD: 0009-0003-1250-0678
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Systems Biology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0110-5192
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Biomedical proteomics. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1492-3052
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2026 (English)In: Bioinformatics Advances, E-ISSN 2635-0041, Vol. 6, no 1, article id vbag020Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Motivation: Exploration of large-scale biological datasets remains a central challenge in computational biology. While many tools are available, they are often developed in isolation, leading to fragmented workflows, duplicated efforts, and limited reproducibility. There is a pressing need for flexible, standardized solutions that unify exploratory data analysis and biomarker discovery across diverse platforms.

Results: We present HDAnalyzeR, a user-friendly and extensible R package for the streamlined analysis of high-dimensional biological data. HDAnalyzeR provides modular, reproducible workflows that support a range of analyses, from quality control and dimensionality reduction to differential expression and enrichment analysis. The package features built-in visualization, metadata-aware modeling, and seamless integration with interactive apps and learning resources. We also present two case studies, where HDAnalyzeR dramatically reduced analysis time and code complexity while providing biologically meaningful insights, such as classification of blood cancer types with AUC = 1.0 and identification of thousands of solid tumor-associated genes. HDAnalyzeR is designed to support both beginner users and experienced bioinformaticians, promoting transparency, reproducibility, and publication-quality output.

Availability and implementation: HDAnalyzeR is freely available both as an open-source R package at https://github.com/kantonopoulos/HDAnalyzeR and a web application at https://hdanalyzer.serve.scilifelab.se.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Oxford University Press (OUP) , 2026. Vol. 6, no 1, article id vbag020
National Category
Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Software Engineering Bioinformatics (Computational Biology)
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-377879DOI: 10.1093/bioadv/vbag020ISI: 001695984800001PubMedID: 41732669Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105030823868OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-377879DiVA, id: diva2:2043939
Note

QC 20260306

Available from: 2026-03-06 Created: 2026-03-06 Last updated: 2026-04-27Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. The blood proteome as a window into human health and disease
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The blood proteome as a window into human health and disease
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The circulating proteome is a dynamic and accessible window into the biological state of the human body, reflecting its physiological and pathological processes. Advances in technologies to measure the plasma proteome now enable the measurement of thousands of proteins at population scale, opening new opportunities for the discovery of clinically relevant and minimally invasive biomarkers. These approaches hold promise for improving disease detection, patient stratification, and disease monitoring, positioning plasma proteomics at the forefront of precision medicine. Key to these advances are bioinformatic methods that identify candidate proteins associated with specific health and disease states from high-dimensional datasets. Despite the efforts combining large-scale proteomics with computational analyses, relatively few biomarkers have translated into clinical practice. This highlights the need for investigations that incorporate diverse cohorts and expand on classic comparisons against healthy controls, alongside an increased focus on validation strategies.

This thesis contributes to biomarker discovery by broadening the biological contexts that are profiled and compared. The first studies focus on cancer, starting by predicting the presence of cancer in patients with non-specific symptoms in Paper I, and identifying a protein panel able to distinguish between twelve cancer types in Paper II. Building on these findings, Paper III provides a deeper perspective of the circulating proteome across healthy individuals, during development, adulthood and aging, and a wide range of diseases. This is followed by Paper IV, which focuses on comparing the two main affinity proteomics platforms by assessing their complementarity and applicability in biomarker studies. Finally, the analysis of these large-scale datasets led to the development of streamlined bioinformatics pipelines, which are presented as an open-access package in Paper V.

Together, this work illustrates the potential of combining affinity proteomics with bioinformatics pipelines to profile the circulating proteome and derive biological insights. This thesis focuses on pan-disease comparisons, evaluates the complementarity of affinity proteomics platforms, and highlights the importance of reproducible biomarker discovery workflows. Developed within the framework of the Human Disease Blood Resource, the resulting data and insights are integrated into the Human Protein Atlas (www.proteinatlas.org), providing a resource for precision medicine research.

Abstract [sv]

Proteiner i blodplasma återspeglar de fysiologiska och patologiska processer som sker i kroppen och utgör därmed en unik källa till information om människokroppens hälsotillstånd. Den tekniska utvecklingen inom analys av plasmaproteomet har möjliggjort att tusentals proteiner kan kvantifieras i tusentals prover. Detta har skapat goda förutsättningar för identifiering av nya kliniskt relevanta biomarkörer som kan mätas i ett enkelt blodprov och användas inom diagnostik, riskstratifiering och prognos. Tillämpningen av bioinformatiska metoder på högdimensionell data har varit en nyckel till identifiering av proteiner kopplade till specifika hälso- och sjukdomstillstånd. Trots omfattande metodutveckling inom både bioinformatik och olika proteomikplattformar har få biomarkörer introducerats inom klinisk kemi, vilket understryker behovet av bredare studier, utökande jämförelsegrupper och ett större fokus på validering.

Syftet med denna avhandling är att bidra till nya lovande biomarkörspaneler genom att skräddarsy och optimera de sammanhang där blodplasmaproteomet studeras. De inledande studierna fokuserar på cancerdiagnostik: i Artikel I identifieras biomarkörspaneler som kan ge ledtrådar om tidig utvecklad cancer hos patienter med diffusa symptom, och i Artikel II identifieras proteiner med potential att urskilja tolv olika cancerformer från varandra. Artikel III bygger vidare på de tidigare nämnda studierna genom att även inkludera friska vuxna som kombinerats med uppföljningsstudier hos barn som växer upp, äldre samt ett stort antal sjukdomstillstånd. Detta följs upp med Artikel IV som undersöker hur väl olika affinitetsproteomikplattformar stämmer överens, samt hur resultatet översätts till biologisk kontext. Slutligen presenterar Artikel V ett programmeringsbibliotek som innehåller flera analysmetoder för att effektivisera biomarkörsforskning baserad på storskalig data.

Sammantaget visar avhandlingen hur affinitetsproteomik och bioinformatiska arbetsflöden kan kombineras för att utforska det cirkulerande proteomet i olika hälso- och sjukdomstillstånd. Det övergripande arbetet belyser värdet av sjukdomsöverskridande jämförelser samt vikten av reproducerbara arbetsflöden vid biomarkörsstudier. Avhandlingen har genomförts inom ramen för Human Disease Blood Resource, som är en del av Human Protein Atlas (www.proteinatlas.org) där data och resultat som genererats som en resurs inom precisionsmedicin.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2026. p. 77
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2026:22
Keywords
plasma proteomics, biomarker discovery, protein profiling, affinity proteomics, pan-disease analysis, disease signatures, precision medicine, differential expression, machine learning, feature selection, classification models, Proximity Extension Assay, Olink proteomics, Human Protein Atlas, Human Disease Blood Atlas
National Category
Medical Biotechnology
Research subject
Biotechnology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-380258 (URN)978-91-8106-593-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2026-05-22, Eva & George Klein, via Zoom: https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/69364610322, Solnavägen, 9, Solna, 13:30 (English)
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Note

QC 2026-04-28

Available from: 2026-04-28 Created: 2026-04-27 Last updated: 2026-05-11Bibliographically approved

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Antonopoulos, KonstantinosJohansson, EmilKenrick, JosefinDahl, LeoEdfors, FredrikUhlén, MathiasBueno Álvez, Maria

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