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Auto-repair without test cases: How LLMs fix compilation errors in large industrial embedded code
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Theoretical Computer Science, TCS. Ericsson AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
Ericsson AB, Stockholm, Sweden; Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5070-9312
Ericsson AB, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8228-813X
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Software and Computer systems, SCS. Ericsson AB, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0009-0007-3383-6356
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2025 (English)In: Proceedings - 2025 28th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design, DSD 2025, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2025, p. 97-105Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The co-development of hardware and software in industrial embedded systems frequently leads to compilation errors during continuous integration (CI). Automated repair of such failures is promising, but existing techniques rely on test cases, which are not available for non-compilable code. We employ an automated repair approach for compilation errors driven by large language models (LLMs). Our study encompasses the collection of more than 40000 commits from the product's source code. We assess the performance of an industrial CI system enhanced by four state-of-the-art LLMs, comparing their outcomes with manual corrections provided by human programmers. LLM-equipped CI systems can resolve up to 63% of the compilation errors in our baseline dataset. Among the fixes associated with successful CI builds, 83% are deemed reasonable. Moreover, LLMs significantly reduce debugging time, with the majority of successful cases completed within 8 minutes, compared to hours typically required for manual debugging.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2025. p. 97-105
Keywords [en]
compilation error, continuous integration, large language model, program repair, software build
National Category
Software Engineering Computer Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-378508DOI: 10.1109/DSD67783.2025.00025ISI: 001717790400013Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105030544984OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-378508DiVA, id: diva2:2047960
Conference
28th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design, DSD 2025, Salerno, Italy, September 10-12, 2025
Note

Part of ISBN 9798331584993

QC 20260323

Available from: 2026-03-23 Created: 2026-03-23 Last updated: 2026-07-28Bibliographically approved

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Fu, HanErmedahl, AndreasHaller, PhilippArtho, Cyrille

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Fu, HanEldh, SigridWiklund, KristianErmedahl, AndreasHaller, PhilippArtho, Cyrille
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