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(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect, yet its molecular etiology remains poorly understood. Recent advances in sequencing technology offer opportunities to uncover genetic and transcriptomic contributions to CHD. We performed an integrative multi-omics study on a pediatric CHD cohort (n=211) using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and paired whole-blood transcriptomics (n=100). WGS identified approximately 28 million variants, including 309 known pathogenic and 724 protein-loss-of-function (pLoF) variants. Within a curated CHD gene list, 5 patients carried known pathogenic variants in EVC, HSPA9, DNAH11, PTPN11, and FBN1. Rare-variant burden analysis through Fisher's exact tests identified a significant enrichment of damaging missense mutations in CHD cases, primarily affecting early embryonic programs such as pattern specification and heart morphogenesis. In contrast, blood transcriptomics highlighted systemic functional shifts, specifically the suppression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and activation of interferon-mediated immune responses, reflecting downstream perturbations following developmental failure.
Crucially, multi-omics integration identified core drivers supported by multiple lines of evidence: a four-way intersection (literature, variant burden, eQTLs, and DEGs) highlighted COL6A2, PKD2, and PKD1L1, while three-way intersections identified key regulators like SALL4, GLI1, ANK3, and ALMS1. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis specifically targeting the 626 genes overlapping between eGenes and DEGs revealed significant involvement in small GTPase-mediated signal transduction and cytoskeleton organization. These findings demonstrate that blood-based multi-omics can effectively capture cardiac-relevant regulatory signals, providing a non-invasive framework to elucidate the molecular landscape of CHD.
Keywords
Congenital heart disease, rare variants, pathogenic variants, gene burden test, eQTL analysis, risk loci
National Category
Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Medical Biotechnology (Focus on Cell Biology, (incl. Stem Cell Biology), Molecular Biology, Microbiology, Biochemistry or Biopharmacy)
Research subject
Biotechnology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-378804 (URN)
Funder
Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, 72110
Note
Manuscript In preparation
QC20260330
2026-03-272026-03-272026-03-30Bibliographically approved