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From access to relationship: How formal green space planning and civic outdoor organisations shape children’s connections with nature in urbanising landscapes
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Strategic Sustainability Studies.ORCID iD: 0009-0008-0848-6734
2026 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Sustainable development
SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities, SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being
Abstract [en]

Urbanising landscapes are undergoing rapid transformation as densification, sprawl, land-use competition, and climate change reshape urban green and blue spaces. These dynamics influence not only ecological functions, but also everyday opportunities for people to encounter nature. In particular, children’s access to nearby nature is increasingly recognised as important for wellbeing, environmental awareness, and the development of nature stewardship. However, the conditions that enable children’s meaningful and lasting connections with nature remain unevenly studied. This licentiate thesis examines how formal land use planning and management of urban green-blue infrastructure, and practices of civic organisations, shape children’s opportunities to meaningfully connect with nature in urbanising landscapes. The research is situated within sustainability science and social-ecological systems research and adopts stewardship as an analytical lens for examining how responsibility for human-nature relations is distributed across society. The thesis consists of two qualitative case studies conducted in the Stockholm region. Paper 1 analyses formal land use planning and management processes shaping multifunctional urban green-blue infrastructure, based primarily on semi-structured interviews with municipal and regional officials. Paper 2 investigates how Swedish civic outdoor organisations foster children’s nature connection through pedagogical practices, recurring outdoor activities, and intergenerational learning. The findings show that formal land use planning and management processes play a decisive role in shaping structural conditions for nature access, yet outdoor recreation and children’s everyday contact with nature are often weakly prioritised in the formal governance of land use characterised by sectoral fragmentation and competing land-use interests. At the same time, civic outdoor organisations provide important relational infrastructures that enable children’s repeated, playful, and meaningful engagement with nature. Taken together, the studies demonstrate that children’s opportunities to develop lasting relationships with nature depend on the interaction between structural and relational conditions. Urban land use planning and management determines whether nature is physically available and accessible in a broad sense, while practices of civic organisations contribute to the experiences, knowledge, and meanings through which children learn to relate to landscapes. By linking formal land use planning and management with lived practices of nature engagement, the thesis contributes to sustainability science by highlighting how stewardship emerges across public and civic sectors and by bringing children’s experiences more explicitly into discussions of sustainable urban development.

Abstract [sv]

Urbaniserade landskap genomgår snabba förändringar i takt med förtätning, konkurrens om marken och klimatförändring. Dessa förändringar påverkar inte bara ekologiska funktioner utan också människors möjligheter att möta natur i vardagen. Särskilt barns tillgång till närliggande natur lyfts i forskningen fram som betydelsefull för fysiskt och mentalt välbefinnand, miljömedvetenhet och på sikt även ansvarstagande för miljö och biologisk mångfald. Samtidigt är kunskapen fortfarande begränsad om vilka samhälleliga förutsättningar som möjliggör barns meningsfulla och långsiktiga relationer till natur i urbaniserade miljöer. Denna licentiatavhandling undersöker hur planering och förvaltning av grönområden och civilsamhällets engagemang och aktiviteter tillsammans formar barns möjligheter att möta och relatera till sin stadsnära natur. Studien är förankrad i hållbarhetsvetenskap och forskning inom social-ekologiska system, där begreppet stewardship används som analytisk perspektiv för att förstå hur ansvar för relationen människa-natur tar sig i uttryck inom olika delar av samhället. Avhandlingen består av två kvalitativa fallstudier i Stockholmsområdet. Den första studien analyserar planering och förvaltning av mångfunktionell grön-blå infrastruktur genom intervjuer med kommunala och regionala tjänstepersoner. Den andra studien undersöker hur svenska idrotts -och friluftsorganisationer bidrar till barns naturkontakt genom pedagogiskt engagemang, återkommande aktiviteter ute i naturen, och lärande över generationer. Resultaten visar att planering och förvaltning av grön- och blåområden har stor betydelse för de strukturella förutsättningarna för barns naturkontakt. Samtidigt framkommer att friluftsliv och barns vardagliga naturkontakt ofta har en svag ställning i de formella planeringsprocesserna som präglas av sektorsuppdelning och konkurrerande markanvändningsintressen. Parallellt fungerar civilsamhällets friluftsorganisationer som viktiga sociala och pedagogiska aktörer där barn erbjuds återkommande aktiviteter och erfarenheter i naturen. Sammantaget visar studierna att barns möjligheter att utveckla långsiktiga relationer till naturen formas i samspelet mellan strukturella och relationella förutsättningar. Den fysiska planeringen och förvaltningen av stadslandskapet avgör i vilken utsträckning natur finns tillgänglig i vardagen, medan civilsamhällets praktiker bidrar till de erfarenheter, kunskaper och betydelser genom vilka barn lär sig att relatera till landskapet och dess ’när-natur’. Genom att koppla samman formella planeringsprocesser med vardagliga naturpraktiker bidrar avhandlingen till hållbarhetsvetenskap genom att belysa hur stewardship formas i mötet mellan institutionella aktörer och civilsamhällets engagemang, men också genom att tydligare inkludera barns röster och erfarenheter i samtalet kring urbana landskap och en hållbar utveckling.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm, Sweden: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2026. , p. 36
Series
TRITA-ABE-DLT ; 2610
Keywords [en]
Children’s nature connectedness, Green-blue infrastructure, Stewardship, Outdoor recreation, Civic outdoor organisations, Social-ecological systems, Sustainable urban development, Sweden
Keywords [sv]
Barns naturkontakt, Grön-blå infrastruktur, Stewardship, Hållbart friluftsliv, Civilsamhället, Social-ekologiska system, Hållbar stadsplanering, Sverige
National Category
Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Research subject
Sustainability studies
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-379165ISBN: 978-91-8106-578-7 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-379165DiVA, id: diva2:2052768
Presentation
2026-05-11, Sahara, Teknikringen 10B, KTH Campus, public video conference link https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/67083499854, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Mistra - The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research, 300195
Note

QC 20260415

Available from: 2026-04-15 Created: 2026-04-14 Last updated: 2026-04-27Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Sustainable outdoor recreation in rapidly urbanising landscapes. Practitioners’ perspectives in Stockholm, Sweden
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Sustainable outdoor recreation in rapidly urbanising landscapes. Practitioners’ perspectives in Stockholm, Sweden
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

As urban populations grow and densify, the multifunctional demands placed on urban green-blue infrastructure (uGBI) are intensifying, raising concerns about sustainability, ecological degradation, and access equity. This qualitative study investigates how goals of sustainable outdoor recreation are operationalised in the planning and governance of multifunctional uGBI in the rapidly urbanising Stockholm region. Through 11 semi-structured interviews with municipal and regional officials, supplemented by workshops, a desktop overview, and a focus group, we identify key barriers and enablers shaping current practice. The results highlight a growing implementation gap: sustainable outdoor recreation is widely valued yet structurally underprioritised in planning processes. Key constraints include institutional fragmentation, limited strategic capacity, unclear responsibilities, and insufficient long-term funding. Despite national and regional policy ambitions, outdoor recreation is often taken for granted, poorly integrated into land use planning, and rarely supported by dedicated roles or operational tools. However, the study also reveals emerging opportunities. Several municipalities are beginning to align sustainable outdoor recreation with public health, climate adaptation, and urban attractiveness goals. The findings offer actionable pathways for more integrated, strategic, and just governance of sustainable outdoor recreation in multifunctional urban landscapes. Practitioners call for new governance models, such as outdoor recreation strategists, cross-sector councils, and innovative planning tools like a “recreation factor” or “recreation guarantee” for children and youth. These insights point to the need for a shift in urban planning culture - one that recognises nature not as a competing land use, but as essential infrastructure for public health, social cohesion, and long-term urban resilience.

Keywords
urban green-blue infrastructure, multifunctional landscapes, sustainable outdoor recreation, human well-being, local authorities, implementation deficit
National Category
Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Research subject
Sustainability studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-379160 (URN)
Funder
Mistra - The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research, 300195
Note

This manuscript has been submitted and accepted for the first round of review in the Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism.

QC 20260414

Available from: 2026-04-13 Created: 2026-04-13 Last updated: 2026-04-14Bibliographically approved
2. Where will future stewards of nature come from? The role of Swedish civic outdoor organisations in connecting children with nature
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Where will future stewards of nature come from? The role of Swedish civic outdoor organisations in connecting children with nature
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Children’s connections with nature are increasingly shaped by urbanisation, reduced independent mobility, and changing everyday geographies. While formal green space planning and civic outdoor organisations are central actors in enabling such connections, their respective roles and the tensions between them remain insufficiently understood. This study examines how Swedish civic outdoor organisations foster children’s nature connectedness, stewardship, and care in urbanising landscapes, and what challenges they face in doing so. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with representatives from six national membership-based civic organisations and complementary desktop analysis, the study applies thematic analysis to explore organisational practices, challenges, and future roles. The findings show that nature connectedness is cultivated through repeated, local, and embodied practices - play, routine, species recognition, and shared outdoor experience - rather than through abstract environmental education. Nature stewardship emerges not as a future outcome but as something children practise through small, ordinary acts of attention, restraint, and care. Intergenerational dynamics are central: civic outdoor organisations function as carriers of ecological knowledge and memory, enabling knowledge transfer between children, families, and volunteer leaders. Children further emerge as active agents who articulate sustainability concerns and to some degree influence organisational practice. At the same time, resource vulnerability, land-use pressures, and changing lifestyles constrain these organisations’ capacity. Positioned as potential bridging actors in urban governance, their contribution remains structurally undervalued. The study concludes that supporting children’s nature connectedness requires not only accessible green infrastructure, but stable institutional recognition that safeguards civic outdoor organisations' flexibility and autonomy.

Keywords
children’s nature connectedness, green space access, civic outdoor organisations, nature stewardship, intergenerational knowledge transfer
National Category
Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Research subject
Sustainability studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-379161 (URN)
Funder
Mistra - The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research, 300195
Note

This manuscript is under submission.

QC 20260414

Available from: 2026-04-13 Created: 2026-04-13 Last updated: 2026-04-14Bibliographically approved

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