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Industry-driven test piece methodology for multi-axis machining system assessment under production conditions
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Production Engineering, Manufacturing and metrology systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0013-6333
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Production Engineering, Manufacturing and metrology systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3056-781X
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Production Engineering, Manufacturing and metrology systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9185-4607
2026 (English)In: The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, ISSN 0268-3768, E-ISSN 1433-3015, Vol. 143, no 7-8, p. 4263-4281Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The introduction of new products necessitates a shift in manufacturing systems from high volume/low diversity to high volume/high diversity production. A fundamental element of the manufacturing system is the machine tool which has traditionally been acquired for specific well-defined operation. However, evolving requirements demand that machine tools be capable of producing a wider range of products particularly with multi-axis machining capabilities. The main focus of existing machine tool test methods is to assess and verify the geometric and kinematic accuracy of the machine, ensuring that positioning, motion, and spindle performance meet specified tolerances. Error separation techniques are often employed within these methods to distinguish and quantify different sources of error, such as those arising from the machine, the measurement system, or the test piece. This research presents a novel systematic methodology for evaluating machining systems through machining tests using a modular scalable test piece designed from industry requirements. The methodology encompasses a process based on industry-specific requirements where critical features from actual components are translated into a test piece design that replicates real-world machining challenges while maintaining measurability and comparability. The approach was examined through experimental machining of test pieces in Spheroidal Graphite Iron under two process conditions balanced quality/cycle time versus minimum cycle time using a five-axis machining centre. Results demonstrated significant differences in geometric accuracy particularly in datum establishment and positional features with aggressive cutting parameters showing substantially larger deviations. This study provides a practical methodology for assessing machine tool adaptability and capability in high-diversity production environments contributing to improved asset management and manufacturing system design.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature , 2026. Vol. 143, no 7-8, p. 4263-4281
Keywords [en]
Manufacturing capability, Five-axis machining, Machining system evaluation, Machine tool, Test piece experiment
National Category
Production Engineering, Human Work Science and Ergonomics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-380747DOI: 10.1007/s00170-026-17792-5ISI: 001706086800001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105032219575OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-380747DiVA, id: diva2:2057947
Funder
KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Note

QC 20260513

Available from: 2026-05-06 Created: 2026-05-06 Last updated: 2026-07-02Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Machining system evaluation: Towards a standardized methodology for machiningtests and on-machine measurements
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Machining system evaluation: Towards a standardized methodology for machiningtests and on-machine measurements
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The automotive industry is undergoing a major transformation driven by the introduction of new products and powertrain technologies. Although these products are largely expected to be industrialized within existing production systems, there is limited understanding of how such changes affect system performance. Consequently, industry lacks effective tools and methods to manage the transition required to meet future manufacturing demands, particularly in established high‑volume production environments optimized for stable product portfolios.

Against this background, the first part of this thesis analyzes likely scenarios for next‑generation automotive products and their implications for production systems. The analysis identifies two key industrial needs: (1) increased requirements for geometric product quality, and (2) enhanced production system capability to handle a more diverse and rapidly changing product portfolio, i.e., improved system flexibility. These needs must be addressed while maintaining cost efficiency and operational robustness.

To meet these challenges, the thesis proposes two complementary methods for machining system evaluation, using five‑axis milling of ferrous materials as a demonstrator process due to its industrial relevance. The methods are derived from two perspectives. The first is a tactical perspective, enabling standardized and comparable evaluation method of machining system  through machining tests on a purpose‑designed test piece. The second is an operational perspective, aimed at continuous monitoring and verification of the machining system process state to ensure stable production outcomes and increased productivity. This is realized through surface characterization using a CCD microscope, enabling On‑Machine Surface Metrology (OMSM).

The proposed methods are not intended to replace established industrial practices, but to complement them. Together, they support data‑driven decision‑making in both system development and daily production, contributing to a more predictable and robust industrialization of future products and technologies

Abstract [sv]

Fordonsindustrin genomgår en omfattande omställning som drivs av introduktionen av nya produkter och drivlineteknologier. Även om dessa produkter i stor utsträckning förväntas industrialiseras inom befintliga produktionssystem, finns det en begränsad förståelse för hur sådana förändringar påverkar systemens prestanda. Följaktligen saknar industrin effektiva verktyg och metoder för att hantera den omställning som krävs för att möta framtida tillverkningskrav, särskilt i etablerade högvolymsproduktioner som är optimerade för produkter med långa produktlivslängder.

Mot denna bakgrund analyserar den första delen av avhandlingen sannolika scenarier för nästa generations fordonsprodukter och deras påverkan på produktionssystem. Analysen identifierar två centrala industriella behov: (1) ökade krav på geometrisk kvalitet, samt (2) förbättrad förmåga hos produktionssystemet att hantera en mer diversifierad och snabbt föränderlig produktportfölj, det vill säga ökad systemflexibilitet. Dessa behov måste tillgodoses samtidigt som kostnadseffektivitet och operativ robusthet bibehålls.

För att möta dessa utmaningar föreslår avhandlingen två kompletterande metoder för utvärdering av bearbetningssystem, där femaxlig fräsning av gjutjärn används som demonstrationsprocess. Detta på grund av dess industriella relevans. Metoderna har utvecklats ur två olika perspektiv. Det första är ett taktiskt perspektiv, som möjliggör en standardiserad och jämförbar utvärdering av bearbetningssystem genom bearbetningsprov på en särskilt utformad provkropp. Det andra är ett operativt perspektiv, som syftar till kontinuerlig övervakning och verifiering av bearbetningssystemets processtillstånd för att säkerställa stabila produktionsresultat och ökad produktivitet. Detta realiseras genom ytkarkarakterisering med hjälp av ett CCD‑mikroskop, vilket möjliggör On‑Machine Surface Measurement (OMSM).

De föreslagna metoderna är inte avsedda att ersätta etablerade industriella arbetssätt, utan att komplettera dem. Tillsammans stödjer de datadrivet beslutsfattande både vid design av tillverkningssystem och i den dagliga produktionen, och bidrar därigenom till en mer förutsägbar och robust industrialisering av framtida produkter och teknologier.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2026. p. 189
Series
TRITA-ITM-AVL ; 2026:13
National Category
Production Engineering, Human Work Science and Ergonomics
Research subject
Production Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-380749 (URN)978-91-8106-619-7 (ISBN)
Public defence
2026-06-03, F3 / https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/62765285597, Lindstedtsvägen 26 & 28, Stockholm, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2026-05-11 Created: 2026-05-06 Last updated: 2026-06-01Bibliographically approved

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Söderberg, VilhelmTomkowski, RobertArchenti, Andreas

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