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Interference-Aware Network Planning for Wireless Systems: A Unified Framework for User Association and Resource Allocation
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Decision and Control Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3686-6976
2026 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This thesis studies network planning in interference-limited wireless systems, with a focus on the coupling between long-term infrastructure decisions and short-term resource allocation. As networks become denser, traditional approaches that treat planning and operation separately fail to accurately capture the impact of downlink intercell interference on system performance and network dimensioning.

We propose an interference-aware framework for downlink multicell networks that jointly optimizes user association, bandwidth allocation, and transmit power under a unified SINR-based rate model. A key feature of the framework is that both bandwidth and power are treated as optimization variables, enabling a more flexible and realistic representation of resource allocation compared to models that fix one of the two. Intercell interference is explicitly incorporated through a tractable approximation, allowing its integration into network planning problems.

Within this setting, we analyze two fundamental objectives: power minimization under minimum rate constraints, and sum-rate maximization under resource limitations. By formulating both problems under identical assumptions, we isolate the structural differences induced by the choice of objective. The results show that sum-rate maximization tends to produce highly uneven resource allocations unless additional user-specific constraints are imposed, while power minimization combined with minimum rate requirements yields resource-efficient solutions that guarantee a minimum service level to all users and avoid user starvation.

Furthermore, incorporating interference awareness into the planning phase significantly affects deployment decisions. Interference-unaware approaches tend to underestimate required resources, whereas the proposed framework yields more robust and realistic designs.

Finally, the framework is extended to UAV-assisted network planning, where aerial base stations can be dynamically deployed to handle spatial and temporal traffic variations. This extension further highlights the importance of interference-aware modeling in emerging, flexible network architectures.

Overall, the findings demonstrate the importance of jointly addressing planning and operation under explicit interference modeling and flexible resource allocation, providing insights for the design of next-generation wireless networks.

Abstract [sv]

Denna avhandling behandlar nätverksplanering i interferensbegränsade trådlösa system, med fokus på kopplingen mellan långsiktiga infrastrukturbeslut och kortsiktig resursallokering. I takt med att nätverk blir tätare räcker inte traditionella metoder, där planering och drift behandlas separat, för att korrekt fånga effekten av nedlänksinterferens mellan celler på systemprestanda och dimensionering.

Ett interferensmedvetet ramverk för nedlänksbaserade flercellnät föreslås, där användarassociation, bandbreddsallokering och sändareffekt optimeras gemensamt inom en enhetlig SINR-baserad modell. En central egenskap i ramverket är att både bandbredd och effekt behandlas som optimeringsvariabler, vilket möjliggör en mer flexibel och realistisk beskrivning av resursallokering jämfört med modeller där en av dessa hålls konstant. Intercellinterferens inkluderas explicit genom en beräkningsmässigt hanterbar approximation, vilket gör det möjligt att integrera interferens i planeringsproblem.

Inom detta ramverk analyseras två centrala optimeringsproblem: effektminimering under minimikrav på datatakt samt maximering av den totala datatakten under resursbegränsningar. Genom att formulera båda problemen under samma antaganden tydliggörs de strukturella skillnaderna som uppstår beroende på vald målfunktion. Resultaten visar att maximering av total datatakt tenderar att ge ojämna resursfördelningar om inte ytterligare användarspecifika begränsningar införs, medan effektminimering i kombination med minimikrav på datatakt ger resurseffektiva lösningar som garanterar en lägsta servicenivå för alla användare och förhindrar att användare helt blir utan resurser.

Vidare påverkar interferensmedveten planering utformningen av nätet avsevärt. Metoder som bortser från interferens underskattar ofta resursbehovet, medan det föreslagna ramverket ger mer robusta och realistiska lösningar.

Ramverket utvidgas även till att inkludera UAV-assisterad nätverksplanering, där flygande basstationer kan användas för att hantera rumsliga och tidsmässiga variationer i trafik. Detta belyser ytterligare vikten av interferensmedveten modellering i framväxande, flexibla nätverksarkitekturer.

Sammanfattningsvis visar resultaten vikten av att gemensamt beakta planering och drift under explicit interferensmodellering och flexibel resursallokering, och ger insikter för utformningen av framtida trådlösa nätverk.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2026. , p. xviii, 59
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2026:58
Keywords [en]
Cell planning, intercell interference, power minimization, rate maximization, users association, resource allocation
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Research subject
Electrical Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-381429ISBN: 978-91-8106-636-4 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-381429DiVA, id: diva2:2060363
Presentation
2026-06-09, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/67168051786, ITRL, Drottning Kristinas Väg 40, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20260518

Available from: 2026-05-18 Created: 2026-05-18 Last updated: 2026-06-01Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Towards Interference-Aware Power Constrained Cell Planning
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Towards Interference-Aware Power Constrained Cell Planning
2024 (English)In: 2024 IEEE Conference on Standards for Communications and Networking, CSCN 2024, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2024, p. 154-159Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The increasing demand for wireless communication services and the steadily growing number of devices require efficient radio spectrum and energy utilization. At the heart of this challenge lies cell planning, the process of optimizing the configuration and placement of base stations to ensure reliable communication subject to power constraints. An optimized cell plan can significantly increase network performance, coverage, capacity, and quality of service. Although well-known strategies - based on mathematical modelling and simulating heuristic approaches - have been proposed in the literature, a substantial limitation of current works is that they disregard intercell interference during cell planning. In this paper, we argue that interference from neighbouring cells operating on overlapping frequency bands can profoundly impact network performance, and therefore, the interference must be taken into account in the cell planning phase of network deployment. This article formulates the interference-aware cell planning problem as an optimization task and proposes a heuristic approach for assigning user equipment devices (demand nodes) to serving base stations and an iterative scheme to allocate power and bandwidth resources. Our results indicate that the proposed approach enhances the efficiency of cell planning in interference-limited scenarios and improves network performance in terms of achieved user rates.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2024
Keywords
Cell planning, intercell interference, power minimization
National Category
Telecommunications
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-360551 (URN)10.1109/CSCN63874.2024.10849682 (DOI)001442211400027 ()2-s2.0-85218205540 (Scopus ID)
Conference
2024 IEEE Conference on Standards for Communications and Networking, CSCN 2024, Belgrade, Serbia, Nov 25 2024 - Nov 27 2024
Note

Part of ISBN 9798331507428

QC 20250228

Available from: 2025-02-26 Created: 2025-02-26 Last updated: 2026-05-18Bibliographically approved
2. Interference-Aware Joint User Association and Resource Allocation
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Interference-Aware Joint User Association and Resource Allocation
2025 (English)In: Proceedings  2025 8th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technologies and Networking (CommNet), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2025, p. 1-7Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The explosive growth in wireless data traffic and connected devices calls for sophisticated approaches to radio spectrum and energy utilization. A key challenge lies in jointly managing user association and resource allocation, which directly determine how users connect to base stations and how power and bandwidth are distributed among them. While prior work has introduced various optimization and heuristic methods, many formulations simplify the problem by neglecting intercell interference, often by artificially limiting bandwidth or assuming fixed user rates. In this paper, we propose a novel interference-aware framework that explicitly incorporates intercell interference into the joint optimization of user association and resource allocation. Unlike prior approaches that avoid interference by restricting resources, we jointly optimize base station association, power control, and bandwidth allocation while accounting for inter-cell interference. Our method combines a heuristic association strategy with a barrier-method-based iterative solver for resource allocation. Simulation results show that explicitly modeling interference improves the achievable network throughput by up to 50% compared to interference-agnostic baselines, while maintaining rate feasibility under higher load. However, these gains come with a 10-15% increase in total power expenditure and a noticeable reduction in fairness (Jain’s index dropping from about 1.0 to 0.57), highlighting the trade-offs between throughput, energy efficiency, and user fairness in interference-aware resource management.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2025
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-381421 (URN)10.1109/CommNet68224.2025.11288890 (DOI)2-s2.0-105032048596 (Scopus ID)
Conference
8th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technologies and Networking, CommNet 2025, Rabat, Morocco, December 3-5, 2025
Note

Part of ISBN 979-8-3315-5781-2

QC 20260518

Available from: 2026-05-16 Created: 2026-05-16 Last updated: 2026-05-18Bibliographically approved
3. Interference-Aware Network Planning with Joint User Association and Resource Allocation
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Interference-Aware Network Planning with Joint User Association and Resource Allocation
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-381424 (URN)
Note

QC 20260518

Available from: 2026-05-16 Created: 2026-05-16 Last updated: 2026-05-18Bibliographically approved
4. Enhancing Rush-Hour Vehicular Connectivity via Resilient RANs UAV-Assisted Cell Planning
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Enhancing Rush-Hour Vehicular Connectivity via Resilient RANs UAV-Assisted Cell Planning
Show others...
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-381423 (URN)
Note

QC 20260518

Available from: 2026-05-16 Created: 2026-05-16 Last updated: 2026-05-18Bibliographically approved

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