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Effects of Glucose Availability on Mitochondrial Dynamics
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
2026 (English)Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Effekter av glukostillgång på mitokondriedynamik (Swedish)
Abstract [en]

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles which play a central role in the cellularenergy metabolism and intracellular signaling. Changes in mitochondrialmovement and organisation have been linked to metabolic states, cellularstress and disease development. The purpose of this thesis was to investigatehow different glucose concentrations affect mitochondrial movement in livingMDCK II cells, as well as to evaluate the use of automated analysis methodsfor quantification of mitochondrial dynamics.Living MDCK II cells expressing mitochondria-targeted GFP were imagedwith fluorescence microscopy under three different glucose conditions:high glucose, low glucose and a physiological baseline. Mitochondrialtrajectories were extracted and analysed using the Python-based frameworkNellie together with a custom Python analysis pipeline. The mitochondrialmovement patterns were characterised by calculating the mean squareddisplacement (MSD), anomalous diffusion exponent (alpha), velocity, stepdisplacement and confinement ratio. The results were compared with anindependent AI-based pipeline, generated with the large language modelClaude.The results showed that mitochondrial motion was predominantly confinedin all glucose concentrations, with alpha-values below 1 for the large majorityof trajectories. High glucose concentration showed somewhat elevated valuesfor MSD, velocity and step displacement when compared with values forlow and baseline concentrations of glucose, but the statistical differenceswere generally small. The comparison between the Nellie-based pipeline andthe AI-based pipeline revealed similar overarching trends between glucoseconditions, although there were differences in absolute values.The thesis showed that automated motion analysis can be used to quantifymitochondrial motion in living cells, while changes in glucose concentrationproduced only moderate effects on mitochondrial movement under theexperimental conditions used in this project.

Abstract [sv]

Mitokondrier är dynamiska organeller som spelar en central roll i cellernasenergimetabolism och intracellulära signalering. Förändringar i mitokondri-ernas rörelse och organisation har kopplats till metabola tillstånd, cellulärstress och sjukdomsutveckling. Syftet med detta examensarbete var attundersöka hur olika glukoskoncentrationer påverkar mitokondriell rörelse ilevande MDCK II-celler, samt att utvärdera användningen av automatiseradeanalysmetoder för kvantifiering av mitokondriell dynamik.Levande MDCK II-celler som uttryckte mitokondrie-riktat GFP avbil-dades med fluorescensmikroskopi under tre olika glukoskoncentrationer:hög glukos, låg glukos och ett fysiologiskt bastillstånd. Mitokondriellarörelsebanor extraherades med det Python-baserade analysverktyget Nellie,och analyserades med ett skräddarsytt Python-program. Mitokondriernasrörelsemönster karaktäriserades genom beräkning av mean squared displace-ment (MSD), anomal diffusionsexponent (alpha), hastighet, stegförflyttningoch confinement ratio. Resultatet jämfördes med en separat AI-baseradanalysmetod, genererad med hjälp av språkmodellen Claude.Resultaten visade att mitokondriell rörelse uppvisade huvudsakligenkonfinerad rörelse i samtliga glukoskoncentrationer, med alpha-värden under1 för den stora majoriteten av rörelsebanor. Hög glukoskoncentration visadenågot förhöjda värden för MSD, hastighet och stegförflyttning jämfört medlåg- och baskoncentration av glukos, men de statistiska skillnaderna mellanglukoskoncentrationer var generellt små. Jämförelsen mellan den Nellie-baserade analysmetoden och den AI-baserade analysmetoden visade liknandeövergripande trender mellan glukosförhållandena, trots skillnader i absolutavärden.Examensarbetet visar att automatiserad rörelseanalys kan användas föratt kvantifiera mitokondriell rörelse i levande celler, samt att förändringar iglukostillgång endast gav begränsade effekter på mitokondriell rörelse underde använda experimentella förhållandena.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2026.
Series
TRITA-SCI-GRU ; 2026:072
Keywords [en]
Mitochondria, Fluorescence microscopy, Mean squared displacement, MDCK II, Glucose metabolism, Nellie, Trajectory analysis
Keywords [sv]
Mitokondrier, Fluorescensmikroskopi, Mean squared displacement, MDCK II, Glukosmetabolism, Nellie, Trajektorieanalys
National Category
Physical Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-382602OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-382602DiVA, id: diva2:2063532
Subject / course
Physics
Educational program
Master of Science - Engineering Physics
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2026-05-29 Created: 2026-05-29 Last updated: 2026-05-29Bibliographically approved

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