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Efficient market clearing for manual Frequency Restoration Reserve capacity with stochastic activation costs and nested decomposition
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electric Power and Energy Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2789-0096
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Network and Systems Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1958-5446
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electric Power and Energy Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9998-9773
2026 (English)In: International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, ISSN 0142-0615, E-ISSN 1879-3517, Vol. 178, article id 111948Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This paper presents a novel market clearing mechanism for manual Frequency Restoration Reserve (mFRR) capacity markets, focusing on the Nordic market setup. This market enhances the reliability of the Nordic system by ensuring availability of mFRR. In contrast to today’s market setup which only accounts for capacity costs, the proposed market clearing mechanism accounts for both expected energy activation costs and mFRR capacity costs. The market clearing problem is formulated as a two-stage stochastic Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP). To efficiently solve the resulting optimization problem, we introduce a nested decomposition algorithm that combines the Benders Decomposition (BD) and Surrogate Absolute Value Lagrangian Relaxation (SAVLR) methods. For practical implementation, input data scenarios are generated using day-ahead (DA) price data modeled by a Bayesian Neural Network (BNN). A real-world case study in Sweden demonstrates that the proposed mechanism can reduce daily mFRR costs by 600-14,500 €, due to reduced energy activation costs. Simulation results further show that the nested decomposition algorithm converges to a near-optimal solution more quickly than standard BD.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV , 2026. Vol. 178, article id 111948
Keywords [en]
Bayesian neural network, Benders decomposition, Stochastic programming, Surrogate absolute value Lagrangian relaxation, mFRR capacity market
National Category
Energy Systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-383027DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2026.111948Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105039778301OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-383027DiVA, id: diva2:2066086
Note

QC 20260604

Available from: 2026-06-04 Created: 2026-06-04 Last updated: 2026-06-04Bibliographically approved

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Nordström, HenrikKazari, KiarashHesamzadeh, Mohammad Reza

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Nordström, HenrikKazari, KiarashHesamzadeh, Mohammad Reza
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