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ARC disruption physics and strategy
Commonwealth Fusion Systems, Devens, MA, USA, United States.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3408-1497
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electromagnetics and Plasma Physics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6712-3625
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electromagnetics and Plasma Physics.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3994-8977
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electromagnetics and Plasma Physics.ORCID iD: 0009-0001-7333-5544
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Number of Authors: 352026 (English)In: Journal of Plasma Physics, ISSN 0022-3778, E-ISSN 1469-7807, Vol. 92, no 3, article id E68Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS) plans to operate a tokamak power plant called ARC in the early 2030s. Tokamak plasmas have stability limits that, if crossed, lead to a rapid termination of the plasma, referred to as a disruption. Disruptions pose a melt risk to the first wall resulting from thermal and non-thermal particle heat fluxes, and an electromagnetic loading risk on all metal components within the equilibrium coils. A comprehensive set of models is used herein to provide an assessment of both mitigated and unmitigated ARC disruption loads. A preliminary massive gas injection system is baselined and a runaway electron mitigation coil option is proposed to close possible gaps in the baseline. It is predicted that all ARC disruption loads are within a factor of 2 of the disruption loads in SPARC, a tokamak presently under construction by CFS, and therefore SPARC provides an opportunity to calibrate models, test solutions and inform the design of ARC. The goal for ARC is disruption-free operation, however, the pragmatic design target is to withstand one mitigated disruption per day, and to restart the plasma following mitigation in tens of seconds without interrupting the power output. Unmitigated disruptions must be rare, and experience with unmitigated disruption impacts in SPARC will better define what rare means. The implications of this strategy for plasma disruptivity and disruption prediction are discussed, and operating the ARC scenario on SPARC is expected to refine the ARC final design and operational plan.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Cambridge University Press (CUP) , 2026. Vol. 92, no 3, article id E68
Keywords [en]
fusion plasma, plasma instabilities, runaway electrons
National Category
Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-383920DOI: 10.1017/S0022377826101585ISI: 001783383600001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105041090898OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-383920DiVA, id: diva2:2084975
Note

QC 20260707

Available from: 2026-07-07 Created: 2026-07-07 Last updated: 2026-07-07Bibliographically approved

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Ratynskaia, Svetlana V.Hoppe, MathiasPaschalidis, KonstantinosRizzi, TommasoTolias, Panagiotis

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Sweeney, RyanRatynskaia, Svetlana V.Hoppe, MathiasPaschalidis, KonstantinosRizzi, TommasoTolias, Panagiotis
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Electromagnetics and Plasma Physics
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