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Engineering Solutions for Uranium Nitride Production: Injector Design and Aerosol Precipitation in Laboratory-Scale Ammonolysis of Uranium Hexafluoride
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS).
2026 (English)Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Ingenjörsmässiga lösningar för framställning av urannitrid : Utformning av injektorer och aerosolavskiljning vidammonolys av uranhexafluorid i laboratorieskala (Swedish)
Abstract [en]

Uranium nitride is a promising fuel for advanced nuclear systems, and the ammonolysis of UF6 offers an attractive synthesis route starting directly from hexafluoride. In practice, however, the present laboratory setup is limited by two engineering challenges: clogging of the injector and incomplete separation of the fine solid product from the exhaust gas. In this work, the clogging problem was studied using a safe room-temperature HCl/NH3 model system, while the separation problem was addressed by the design, modeling, and preliminary testing of a wire-in-cylinder electrostatic precipitator.

The injector experiments show that a laminar shielding gas layer around the reagent stream clearly delays clogging. Of the three geometries tested, the flow optimized injector gave the longest operating times, the welding torch injector performed intermediately, and the steel frit injector gave the poorest results. For the electrostatic precipitator, a field-dependent ion mobility model combined with voltage matching was developed and compared with Sigmond’s formula. The model predicts that the selected prototype geometry operates in a feasible corona regime and should achieve a high collection efficiency at realistic flow rates. Preliminary NH4Cl smoke experiments confirm this expectation: at 12.5 kV, the ESP collected the aerosol with very high efficiency. Overall, the results show that both the clogging problem and the precipitation problem can be mitigated by relatively simple engineering measures.

Abstract [sv]

Urannitrid är ett lovande bränsle för avancerade kärnenergisystem, och ammonolys av UF6 erbjuder en attraktiv syntesväg som utgår direkt från hexafluoriden. I praktiken begränsas den nuvarande laboratorieuppställningen dock av två tekniska utmaningar: igensättning av injektorn och ofullständig avskiljning av den fina fasta produkten från avgaserna. I detta arbete studerades igensättningsproblemet med hjälp av ett säkert HCl/NH3-modellsystem vid rumstemperatur, medan separationsproblemet behandlades genom konstruktion, modellering och preliminär testning av en tråd-i-cylinder elektrofilterseparator.

Injektorförsöken visar att ett laminärt skyddsgasskikt kring reagensström men tydligt fördröjer igensättning. Av de tre testade geometrierna gav den flödesoptimerade injektorn längst drifttid, gaslinsinjektorn gav mellanliggande resultat och stålfilterinjektorn gav sämst resultat. För elektrofiltret utvecklades en modell med fältberoende jonmobilitet i kombination med spänningsmatchning, och denna jämfördes med Sigmonds formel. Modellen förutsäger att den valda prototypgeometrin arbetar i ett genomförbart koronaområde och bör ge hög avskiljningsgrad vid realistiska flöden. Preliminära försök med NH4Cl-rök bekräftar detta: vid 12.5 kV avskilde ESP:n aerosolen med mycket hög verkningsgrad. Sammantaget visar resultaten att både igensättningsproblemet och utfällnings-/avskiljningsproblemet kan mildras med relativt enkla ingenjörsmässiga åtgärder.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2026. , p. 53
Series
TRITA-EECS-EX ; 2026:186
Keywords [en]
Uranium nitride, Ammonolysis, Uranium hexafluoride injector, Electrostatic separation, Nuclear energy
Keywords [sv]
Uranitrid, Ammonolys, Uranhexafluoridinjektor, Elektrostatisk separation, Kärnenergi
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-386165OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-386165DiVA, id: diva2:2088485
Educational program
Master of Science - Electromagnetics, Fusion and Space engineering
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2026-08-31 Created: 2026-07-28 Last updated: 2026-08-31Bibliographically approved

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