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The hyperbolic behaviour of forced circle diffeomorphisms
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mathematics (Dept.), Analysis, Dynamics, Geometry, Number Theory and PDE.ORCID iD: 0009-0006-4614-4861
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The results in this thesis focus on the dynamical behaviour of forced circle diffeomorphisms, which can be modelled as skew-product maps on the two-dimensional torus. For notable forced systems such as chaotically forced Schrödinger cocycles and quasi-periodically forced Arnol’d circle maps, various numerical studies have revealed the occurrence of diverse dynamical behaviours. This thesis contributes to building a theoretical framework that reveals the conditions and mechanisms that govern the rich hyperbolic behaviour in certain forced systems. 

In Paper A, we quantify the non-uniform hyperbolic behaviour of Schrödinger cocycles over expanding base maps, for an open class of potential functions. For cocycles with strongly expanding circle maps on the base, we establish asymptotic results for their Lyapunov exponents in the large coupling regime, which are uniform for all real values of energy. In Paper B, the focus is broadened to a class of circle maps forced by uniformly expanding circle endomorphisms. We establish open conditions, where the skew-product maps on the fibre are typically non-monotonic in the base variable, for which the Lyapunov exponents on the fibre are negative Lebesgue almost everywhere. This implies non-uniform hyperbolicity and consequently, local convergence of orbits on a fibre. Thus, the results in Paper A and Paper B contribute to the understanding of forced systems with highly chaotic forcing.

In Paper C, we study circle diffeomorphisms with two attracting and two repelling fixed points under quasi-periodic forcing. For a set of frequencies of positive measure, we prove the synchronisation of orbits on the same fibre. This proves the existence of a unique attracting and a unique repelling invariant graph. Thus, the results precisely  describe the non-chaotic behaviour in these systems. Further, the geometric structure of these invariant graphs gives key insights on the non-uniform hyperbolicity of the system and statistical properties of Lebesgue almost every point on the two-dimensional torus.

Abstract [sv]

Resultaten i denna avhandling fokuserar på det dynamiska beteendet hos drivna cirkel-diffeomorfier, vilka kan modelleras som skevprodukt-avbildningar på den tvådimensio-nella torusen. För ett flertal klasser av drivna system, såsom kaotiskt drivna Schrödinger-cocykler och kvasi-periodiskt drivna Arnol'd-cirkelavbildningar, har numeriskastudier visat förekomsten av en mångfald av dynamiska beteenden. Denna avhandlingbidrar till att utveckla ett teoretiskt ramverk med målet att klargöra de villkor och mekanismer somstyr det rika hyperboliska beteendet i olika klasser av drivna system.

I Artikel A kvantifierar vi, för en öppen klass av potentialfunktioner i regimen med stark koppling,det icke-likformigt hyperboliska beteendet hos Schrödinger-cocykler över starkt expanderande cirkelavbildningar.Mer precist visar vi asymptotiska formler för deras Lyapunov-exponenter.I Artikel B breddas fokus till en klass av cirkelavbildningarsom drivs av likformigt expanderande cirkelendomorfier. Vi etablerar öppna villkor,där skevproduktavbildningarna i fibern typiskt sett är icke-monotona i basvariabeln,för vilka Lyapunov-exponenterna i fibern är negativa för nästan varje punkt.Detta implicerar icke-likformig hyperbolicitet och därmed lokal konvergens av banor längsen fiber. Således bidrar resultaten i Artikel A och Artikel B till förståelsen av drivnasystem med starkt kaotisk drivning.

I Artikel C studerar vi cirkeldiffeomorfier med två attraherande och två repellerandefixpunkter under kvasi-periodisk drivning. För en mängd av frekvenser med positivt mått visarvi synkronisering av banor längs samma fiber. Detta bevisar existensen av en unik attrahe-rande och en unik repellerande invariant graf. Således ger resultaten en precis beskrivningav det icke-kaotiska beteendet i dessa system. Vidare ger den geometriska strukturen hosdessa invarianta grafer viktiga insikter om systemets icke-likformiga hyperbolicitet ochde statistiska egenskaperna hos nästan varje punkt på den tvådimensionellatorusen.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2026.
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2026:23
Keywords [en]
Lyapunov Exponents, skew-product maps, forced circle diffeomorphisms, invariant graphs, Non-uniform hyperbolicity, Schödinger cocycles
Keywords [sv]
Lyapunov-exponenter, skevprodukt-avbildningar, drivna cirkeldiffeomorfier, invarianta grafer, icke-likformig hyperbolicitet, Schrödinger-cocykler
National Category
Mathematical Analysis
Research subject
Mathematics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-387236ISBN: 978-91-8106-683-8 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-387236DiVA, id: diva2:2093302
Public defence
2026-09-08, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/62550771976, F3, Lindstedtvägen 26 & 28, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 2026-08-18

Available from: 2026-08-18 Created: 2026-08-18 Last updated: 2026-09-07Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Large coupling asymptotics for the Lyapunov exponents of some Schrödinger cocyles over strongly expanding circle endomorphisms
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Large coupling asymptotics for the Lyapunov exponents of some Schrödinger cocyles over strongly expanding circle endomorphisms
2025 (English)In: Dynamical systems, ISSN 1468-9367, E-ISSN 1468-9375, Vol. 40, no 1, p. 56-70Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

We quantify the coupling asymptotics for the Lyapunov exponent of the Schrödinger cocycle over strongly expanding maps 𝑥 ↦ bx⁡(mod⁡1) on 𝕋, for a large class of potential functions. We refine the previous lower bound results for these Lyapunov exponents, to get asymptotic results for all 𝐸 ∈ ℝ and for sufficiently expanding circle maps.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Informa UK Limited, 2025
Keywords
Lyapunov exponents, Schrödinger cocycle, expanding circle maps, large coupling asymptotics
National Category
Mathematical Analysis
Research subject
Mathematics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-385840 (URN)10.1080/14689367.2024.2420645 (DOI)001353113900001 ()2-s2.0-85209913092 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20260721

Available from: 2026-07-21 Created: 2026-07-21 Last updated: 2026-08-18Bibliographically approved
2. Negative Lyapunov exponents of circle maps forced by expanding circle endomorphisms
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Negative Lyapunov exponents of circle maps forced by expanding circle endomorphisms
2026 (English)In: Nonlinearity, ISSN 0951-7715, E-ISSN 1361-6544, Vol. 39, no 3, article id 035020Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

We study maps on the torus T2 that are of the form F(x,y)=(bx,fx(y)) , where b ⩾ 2 is an integer. We establish an open class of C1-maps, with fx(y) that are typically non-monotonic in x, for which the Lyapunov exponents on the fibre are negative almost everywhere. For each fixed fx(y) and a base map bx that is sufficiently expanding, we establish a uniform upper bound for the Lyapunov exponents; moreover, the uniform bound depends on selective characteristics of f. This implies that orbits on the same fibre exhibit local synchronisation.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IOP Publishing, 2026
Keywords
forced circle diffeomorphisms, Lyapunov exponents, non-uniform hyperbolicity
National Category
Mathematical Analysis Discrete Mathematics
Research subject
Mathematics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-379285 (URN)10.1088/1361-6544/ae4a0a (DOI)001720964200001 ()2-s2.0-105033803537 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20260417

Available from: 2026-04-17 Created: 2026-04-17 Last updated: 2026-08-18Bibliographically approved
3. Synchronisation under quasi-periodic forcing of circle diffeomorphisms with two attracting and two repelling fixed points
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Synchronisation under quasi-periodic forcing of circle diffeomorphisms with two attracting and two repelling fixed points
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

We study the dynamics of circle diffeomorphisms, which have exactly two attracting and two repelling fixed points, under quasiperiodic forcing. For a sufficiently small forcing, such a system can be shown to exhibit uniformly hyperbolic behaviour. The results focus on systems with larger forcing, where every orbit intersects the basins of attraction of both attracting fixed points infinitely often. For such quasi-periodically forced circle diffeomorphisms, we identify a set of parameters of positive measure for which the corresponding skew-product systems admit a unique attracting and a unique repelling invariant graph, which capture the dynamics of Lebesgue almost every point on T2. Further, we reveal that both continuous invariant graphs and invariant graphs that are discontinuous on a dense set can occur within the same class of quasi-periodically forced systems, for different quasi-periodic rotations.

Keywords
forced circle diffeomorphisms, quasi-periodic forcing, skew-product maps, invariant graphs, Lyapunov exponents.
National Category
Mathematical Analysis
Research subject
Mathematics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-387232 (URN)
Note

QC 20260818

Available from: 2026-08-17 Created: 2026-08-17 Last updated: 2026-08-18Bibliographically approved

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Rajasekar, Kirthana

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