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Karbonatimpregnering av vedflis
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH).
2026 (Swedish)Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Carbonate impregnation of wood chips (English)
Abstract [sv]

Sulfatkokning utgör en av de vanligaste metoderna för tillverkning av pappersmassa. Under processen frigörs vedfibrerna genom att lignin avlägsnas. Lignin binder samman cellulosa och hemicellulosa i vedmatrisen. Kokvätskan med de aktiva kokkemikalierna vätesulfid- och hydroxidjoner kallas vitlut. Efter sulfatkokningen erhålls svartlut som koncentreras med hjälp av indunstning för att underlätta förbränningen av de organiska ämnena i svartluten. En smälta bildas i botten av sodapannan efter förbränningen som sedan späds ut med vatten för att bilda så kallad grönlut. Grönlut består mestadels av natriumkarbonat och natriumsulfid. Återvinningscykeln avslutas med kausticering där grönlut blandas med bränd kalk för att bilda natriumhydroxid från natriumkarbonatet i grönluten.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka om vitlut kan ersättas med grönlut för att potentiellt kunna utesluta kausticeringsprocessen. Genom att utesluta kausticeringsprocessen kan miljöavtrycken minskas samt underlättas kemikalieåtervinningen.

Praktiska försök utfördes där vedflis impregnerades med en lösning av natriumkarbonat eller natriumhydroxid som referens. Natriumkarbonatens effektivitet som kokvätska jämfördes med natriumhydroxid eftersom grönlut består huvudsakligen av natriumkarbonat. Mängden alkali som natriumkarbonat bidrog med jämfördes med natriumhydroxid genom att mäta pH efter impregneringarna och mängden lignin i svartluten från impregneringarna.

Impregnering med natriumkarbonat visade en minskning i pH efter impregneringarna. Vilket betyder att alkali har konsumerats under karbonatimpregneringarna. För att bedöma bidraget av alkali från karbonat utfördes dubbelimpregnering, det vill säga karbonatimpregnering följt av impregnering med natriumhydroxid. En marginellt minskad alkaliförbrukning erhölls.

Studien är för begränsat för att kunna avgöra om vitlut kan ersättas med grönlut i syfte med att utesluta kausticeringen. Faktorer som impregneringstid, utbytet och delignifiering efter kokningssteget samt inkludering av vätesulfidjoner i impregneringslösningen behövs undersökas för att kunna ge en bättre bedömning.

Abstract [en]

The kraft pulping process is one of the most common methods for pulping wood into paper. Wood fibers are released during the process by removing lignin, which binds cellulose and hemicellulose together in the wood matrix. White liquor is used in the cooking stage, with hydrosulfide and hydroxide ions serving as active cooking chemicals. Once the digestion by the cooking chemicals is over, black liquor is obtained. The black liquor is then concentrated in the evaporator to facilitate the combustion of the organic substances in the black liquor. A smelt forms at the bottom of the recovery boiler after combustion and is then dissolved in water to produce green liquor. Green liquor mainly consists of sodium carbonate and sodium sulfide. The recovery cycle is completed by the causticization process, where green liquor is mixed with burnt lime to form sodium hydroxide from the sodium carbonate.

The purpose of the study is to investigate whether white liquor can be replaced with green liquor to potentially eliminate the causticizing process. Eliminating the causticization process reduces environmental impacts and makes recovering chemicals easier.

Practical experiments were carried out in which wood chips were impregnated with a solution of sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide as a reference. The effectiveness of sodium carbonate as a cooking liquor was compared with sodium hydroxide since green liquor mainly consists of sodium carbonate. The alkali contribution of sodium carbonate was compared with sodium hydroxide by measuring the pH after impregnation and the amount of lignin in the black liquors from the impregnations.

Impregnation with sodium carbonate showed a decrease in pH after the impregnations. This means that alkali was consumed during carbonate impregnation. To assess the contribution of alkali from carbonate, double impregnation was performed, in which carbonate impregnation was followed by impregnation with sodium hydroxide. A marginally reduced alkali consumption was obtained.

The study is too limited to determine whether white liquor can be replaced with green liquor for the purpose of eliminating the causticization process. Factors such as impregnation time, yield and delignification after the cooking stage, as well as the inclusion of hydrosulfide ions in the impregnation solution, need to be investigated in order to provide a better assessment.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2026.
Series
TRITA-CBH-GRU ; 2026:346
Keywords [sv]
Alkaliförbrukning, natriumkarbonat, natriumhydroxid, impregnering
National Category
Chemical Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-387636OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-387636DiVA, id: diva2:2096319
Educational program
Bachelor of Science in Engineering - Chemical Engineering
Available from: 2026-08-28 Created: 2026-08-28 Last updated: 2026-08-28Bibliographically approved

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