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3D super-resolution microscopy of living cells using reversibly switchable fluorophores
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biophysics. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH Royal Institute of Technology. (Testa)ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9302-7576
2021 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Traditional optical microscopy techniques are limited in spatial resolution due to the wave nature of light. This means that neighboring objects separated by a distance smaller than about 200 nm cannot be distinguished. Super‑resolution microscopy techniques overcome this limitation by utilizing specific light-matter interactions of fluorescent labels to encode finer spatial detail into the recorded data. Regrettably, current super‑resolution approaches often increase the complexity of sample preparation as well as the energy, time, and invasiveness of the imaging scheme compared to conventional imaging techniques. This makes many of these techniques ill‑suited for imaging the dynamics of living cells. Since many biological studies rely on highly spatially resolved data containing three‑dimensional and temporally dynamic information, developing super‑resolution techniques toward the goal of acquiring such data is vital. With this work, we take several important steps in this direction by utilizing reversibly switchable fluorescence proteins (RSFPs) together with new illumination patterns that allow for a parallelized data acquisition scheme. Even low intensity illumination patterns can induce photo‑switching of the RSFPs and generate specific patterns of fluorescent emission that carry high‑resolution spatial information in all three dimensions. By using RSFPs in a parallelized acquisition scheme, temporally extended recordings can be acquired with low illumination intensities and at high speed. In addition to the imaging schemes, we present a theoretical framework for modelling the impact that RSFP properties on image formation and show how different imaging parameters affect the final image quality. We predict and explore the effect of labelling density and photobleaching on single and timelapse recordings, taking into consideration the stochasticity of labelling and fluorophore fatigue. We also present a new family of red‑shifted RSFPs that can be imaged without the need for near‑UV illumination, allowing even less invasive live‑cell imaging. This work aims to not only provide new tools for imaging, but also to contribute to a better understanding of the underlying concepts and to facilitate future developments of super-resolution microscopy for bio-imaging applications.

Abstract [sv]

Traditionella mikroskopitekniker har, till följd av ljusets vågegenskaper, en begränsad upplösning. Detta innebär att objekt som befinner sig närmre varandra är cirka 200 nm inte kan särskiljas eftersom bilderna är suddiga. Superupplösta mikroskopitekniker kringgår denna begränsning genom att utnyttja specifika interaktioner mellan ljus och fluorescerande molekyler för att koda in mer detaljerat spatiell information in i den inhämtade datan. Dagens superupplösta tekniker innebär dock ofta en ökad komplexitet i förberedelsen av proven samt mer energikrävande, tidskrävande och invasiva avbildningsekvenser. Detta tillsammans gör många av dessa tekniker dåligt lämpade för avbildning av levande celler. Eftersom många biologiska studier bygger på högupplöst data med tredimensionell och dynamisk information är det viktigt att nya tekniker utvecklas för att inhämta sådan data. Med detta arbete tar vi flera viktiga steg mot detta mål genom att utnyttja reversibelt omställningsbara fluorescerande proteiner tillsammans nya belysningsmönster som möjliggör parallelliserad datainhämtning. Även belysningsmönster med låg intensitet kan få proteinerna att inta fluorescerande eller ickefluorescerande tillstånd och genererar emissionsmönster som förmedlar information om provets små detaljer i alla tre spatiella dimensioner.  Genom att använda omkopplingsbara proteiner i ett parallelliserat avbildningssystem så kan bildsekvenser som sträcker sig över lång tid med hög temporal upplösning skapas med endast låga ljusintensiteter. Utöver dessa nya avbildningssekvenser presenterar vi också ett teoretiskt ramverk för att modellera den påverkan som de omställningsbara proteinernas egenskaper, samt olika avbildningsparametrar, har på den slutliga bildkvaliteten. Vi förutspår och undersöker effekten av inmärkningsdensitet och fotoblekning på enstaka bilder och bildsekvenser med beaktande av den stokastisitet som kopplas till dessa fenomen. Vi presenterar också en ny familj av reversibelt omkopplingsbara proteiner som styrs med rödare våglängder och som kan avbildas helt utan ljus nära den ultravioletta delen av spektrat, vilket möjliggör ännu mindre invasiv avbildning. Detta arbete ämnar inte bara att förse med nya verktyg för avbildning, utan också bidra till en bättre förståelse för de underliggande principerna och att främja framtida utveckling av superupplösta mikroskopitekniker för avbildning inom biologiska tillämpningar.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2021. , p. 113
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2021:33
Keywords [en]
RESOLFT, 3D imaging, super-resolution, microscopy, reversibly switchable fluorescent proteins
National Category
Engineering and Technology Biophysics
Research subject
Biological Physics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300760ISBN: 978-91-7873-978-3 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-300760DiVA, id: diva2:1590479
Public defence
2021-10-01, Inghesalen, Widerströmska huset and via Zoom at https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/68554228307, Tomtebodavägen 18, 171 65 Solna, Stockholm, 13:30 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2021-09-03 Created: 2021-09-02 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Enhanced photon collection enables four dimensional fluorescence nanoscopy of living systems
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Enhanced photon collection enables four dimensional fluorescence nanoscopy of living systems
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2018 (English)In: Nature Communications, E-ISSN 2041-1723, Vol. 9, article id 3281Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The theoretically unlimited spatial resolution of fluorescence nanoscopy often comes at the expense of time, contrast and increased dose of energy for recording. Here, we developed MoNaLISA, for Molecular Nanoscale Live Imaging with Sectioning Ability, a nanoscope capable of imaging structures at a scale of 45-65 nm within the entire cell volume at low light intensities (W-kW cm(-2)). Our approach, based on reversibly switchable fluorescent proteins, features three distinctly modulated illumination patterns crafted and combined to gain fluorescence ON-OFF switching cycles and image contrast. By maximizing the detected photon flux, MoNaLISA enables prolonged (40-50 frames) and large (50 x 50 mu m(2)) recordings at 0.3-1.3 Hz with enhanced optical sectioning ability. We demonstrate the general use of our approach by 4D imaging of organelles and fine structures in epithelial human cells, colonies of mouse embryonic stem cells, brain cells, and organotypic tissues.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, 2018
National Category
Other Physics Topics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-234173 (URN)10.1038/s41467-018-05799-w (DOI)000441768300012 ()30115928 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85051531804 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20181017

Available from: 2018-10-17 Created: 2018-10-17 Last updated: 2024-03-18Bibliographically approved
2. Volumetric live cell imaging with three-dimensional parallelized RESOLFT microscopy
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Volumetric live cell imaging with three-dimensional parallelized RESOLFT microscopy
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2021 (English)In: Nature Biotechnology, ISSN 1087-0156, E-ISSN 1546-1696, Vol. 39, no 5, p. 609-618Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Elucidating the volumetric architecture of organelles and molecules inside cells requires microscopy methods with a sufficiently high spatial resolution in all three dimensions. Current methods are limited by insufficient resolving power along the optical axis, long recording times and photobleaching when applied to live cell imaging. Here, we present a 3D, parallelized, reversible, saturable/switchable optical fluorescence transition (3D pRESOLFT) microscope capable of delivering sub-80-nm 3D resolution in whole living cells. We achieved rapid (1-2 Hz) acquisition of large fields of view (similar to 40 x 40 mu m(2)) by highly parallelized image acquisition with an interference pattern that creates an array of 3D-confined and equally spaced intensity minima. This allowed us to reversibly turn switchable fluorescent proteins to dark states, leading to a targeted 3D confinement of fluorescence. We visualized the 3D organization and dynamics of organelles in living cells and volumetric structural alterations of synapses during plasticity in cultured hippocampal neurons.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2021
National Category
Biophysics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-294795 (URN)10.1038/s41587-020-00779-2 (DOI)000607034800001 ()33432197 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85099278043 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20210628

Available from: 2021-05-18 Created: 2021-05-18 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
3. Fast reversibly photoswitching red fluorescent proteins for live-cell RESOLFT nanoscopy
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Fast reversibly photoswitching red fluorescent proteins for live-cell RESOLFT nanoscopy
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2018 (English)In: Nature Methods, ISSN 1548-7091, E-ISSN 1548-7105, Vol. 15, no 8, p. 601-+Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Reversibly photoswitchable fluorescent proteins (rsFPs) are gaining popularity as tags for optical nanoscopy because they make it possible to image with lower light doses. However, green rsFPs need violet-blue light for photoswitching, which is potentially phototoxic and highly scattering. We developed new rsFPs based on FusionRed that are reversibly photoswitchable with green-orange light. The rsFusionReds are bright and exhibit rapid photoswitching, thereby enabling nanoscale imaging of living cells.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Nature Publishing Group, 2018
National Category
Biochemistry Molecular Biology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233288 (URN)10.1038/s41592-018-0052-9 (DOI)000440334000020 ()29988095 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85049608980 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Science for Life Laboratory - a national resource center for high-throughput molecular bioscienceEU, European Research Council
Note

QC 20180821

Available from: 2018-08-21 Created: 2018-08-21 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
4. Predicting resolution and image quality in RESOLFT and other point scanning microscopes [Invited]
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Predicting resolution and image quality in RESOLFT and other point scanning microscopes [Invited]
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2020 (English)In: Biomedical Optics Express, E-ISSN 2156-7085, Vol. 11, no 5, p. 2313-2327Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The performance of fluorescence microscopy and nanoscopy is often discussed by the effective point spread function and the optical transfer function. However, due to the complexity of the fluorophore properties such as photobleaching or other forms of photoswitching, which introduce a variance in photon emission, it is not trivial to choose optimal imaging parameters and to predict the spatial resolution. In this paper, we analytically derive a theoretical framework for estimating the achievable resolution of a microscope depending on parameters such as photoswitching, labeling densities, exposure time and sampling. We developed a numerical simulation software to analyze the impact of reversibly switchable probes in RESOLFT imaging.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
The Optical Society, 2020
National Category
Biophysics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-273894 (URN)10.1364/BOE.389911 (DOI)000532568000001 ()32499925 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85082307159 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20200605

Available from: 2020-06-05 Created: 2020-06-05 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
5. A versatile tool to predict and validate RESOLFT images based on photoswitching, labelling, and optical properties
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A versatile tool to predict and validate RESOLFT images based on photoswitching, labelling, and optical properties
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(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Research subject
Biological Physics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300458 (URN)
Note

QC 20210929

Available from: 2021-09-01 Created: 2021-09-01 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved

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