Chapter 1 introduced the key ideas and identified the need for cognitive improvements. The first half of Chap. 2 consisted of a schematic review of the neurophysiological background for the development of such capacities. It was, for example, explained that the adult brain is plastic enough for both functional and structural changes to take place. The latter half of Chap. 2 was devoted to exploring three types of mental training techniques which, in evidence based studies, have been shown to have a positive, lasting and generalizable effect on cognitive capacities. Evidently these techniques are not without problems, nor are they the only methods around. The present chapter discusses some alternative methods for improving cognitive capacities. It includes an introductory account of how some pharmaceuticals and certain types of technology can be used to improve our cognitive skills and what risks that might attach to such practices.