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Pinene-Based Oxidative Synthetic Toolbox for Scalable Polyester Synthesis
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Coating Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8727-2102
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Coating Technology.
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Coating Technology.
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Coating Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5081-1835
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2021 (English)In: JACS Au, E-ISSN 2691-3704, Vol. 1, no 11, p. 1949-1960Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Generation of renewable polymers is a long-standing goal toward reaching a more sustainable society, but building blocks in biomass can be incompatible with desired polymerization type, hampering the full implementation potential of biomaterials. Herein, we show how conceptually simple oxidative transformations can be used to unlock the inherent reactivity of terpene synthons in generating polyesters by two different mechanisms starting from the same alpha-pinene substrate. In the first pathway, alpha-pinene was oxidized into the bicyclic verbanone-based lactone and subsequently polymerized into star-shaped polymers via ring-opening polymerization, resulting in a biobased semicrystalline polyester with tunable glass transition and melting temperatures. In a second pathway, polyesters were synthesized via polycondensation, utilizing the diol 1-(1'-chydroxyethyl)-3-(2'-hydroxyethyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclobutane (HHDC) synthesized by oxidative cleavage of the double bond of alpha-pinene, together with unsaturated biobased diesters such as dimethyl maleate (DMM) and dimethyl itaconate (DMI). The resulting families of terpenebased polyesters were thereafter successfully cross-Iinked by either transetherification, utilizing the terminal hydroxyl groups of the synthesized verbanone-based materials, or by UV irradiation, utilizing the unsaturation provided by the DMM or DMI moieties within the HHDC-based copolymers. This work highlights the potential to apply an oxidative toolbox to valorize inert terpene metabolites enabling generation of biosourced polyesters and coatings thereof by complementary mechanisms.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Chemical Society (ACS) , 2021. Vol. 1, no 11, p. 1949-1960
Keywords [en]
biobased polymers, coatings, terpenes, alpha-pinen, terpene lactone, diol
National Category
Polymer Chemistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-307021DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00312ISI: 000730355700014PubMedID: 34849510Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85122735894OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-307021DiVA, id: diva2:1626800
Note

QC 20220112

Available from: 2022-01-12 Created: 2022-01-12 Last updated: 2025-08-22Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Enzyme catalysis as a tool in building block synthesis
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Enzyme catalysis as a tool in building block synthesis
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Traditional production of chemicals often relies on the use of petroleum-based or toxic raw materials, harsh conditions, and suffers from inefficient reactions. Hence, improvements are needed to sustainably produce chemicals. Enzymes, nature’s catalysts, are a potential solution to some of these issues. They increase the rate of reactions under mild conditions with high substrate specificity. However, they often need to be modified to work in industrial settings. Efforts also need to be made to avoid toxic raw materials and the production of harmful products. This thesis aims to develop more sustainable methods for chemical synthesis by employing enzyme catalysis in an interdisciplinary approach. In paper I, chemoenzymatic methods were developed for the valorization and polymerization of a terpene by-product from the paper and pulp industry to create biobased plastics. Paper II explored biocatalytic amide bond formation. Robust ancestral enzymes with altered activities were designed using ancestral sequence reconstruction, a technique leveraging evolutionary information to predict ancestral protein sequences. The extant enzyme and the ancestral variants were used in the coupling of a set of safe substrates derived from an in silico toxicity filtering pipeline. Paper III investigated observed differences between the extant enzyme and one ancestor from paper II. Through computational simulations and enzyme mutant testing, plausible key residues responsible for the change were identified. A highly active ancestral mutant also demonstrated successful scaled-up synthesis with cofactor recycling. Lastly, in paper IV, ecotoxicity prediction models were applied to the substrate dataset from paper II. The predictions had low reliability, and ways to improve the reliability of ecotoxicity predictions were discussed. In summary, this thesis highlights alternative routes for more sustainable chemical synthesis and the potential of enzyme catalysis.

Abstract [sv]

Kemikalieproduktion är ofta beroende av petroleumbaserade eller giftiga råvaror, tuffa reaktionsförhållanden, och lider av ineffektiva reaktioner. Därför behövs det nya metoder för att kunna producera kemikalier mer hållbart. Enzymer, naturens egna katalysatorer, är en potentiell lösning till vissa av dessa problem. Enzymer ökar reaktionshastigheten under milda förhållanden med hög substratspecifictet, dock behöver de oftast modifieras för att fungera i industriella miljöer. Det behövs även göras insatser för att undvika användandet och skapandet av giftiga föreningar. Denna avhandlingen syftar till att utveckla mer hållbara metoder för kemisk syntes genom att tillämpa enzymkatalys i ett tvärvetenskapligt tillvägagångssätt. I artikel I utvecklades kemoenzymatiska metoder för valorisering och polymerisering av en terpenbiprodukt från pappers- och massaindustrin för skapandet av biobaserade plaster. I artikel II undersöktes biokatalytisk amidsyntes. Robusta förfädersenymer med förändrade aktiviteter skapades genom ancestral sekvensrekonstruktion, vilket är en teknik som använder evolutionär information för att förutspå förfäders proteinsekvenser. Det moderna enzymet och dess förfädersenzymer användes för att skapa amider från ett set säkra substrat framtagna från en toxicitetsfiltreringspipeline. Artikel III undersökte skillnader som observerades mellan det moderna enzymet och ett förfädersenzym från artikel II. Genom datorsimuleringar och testandet av enzymmutanter identifierades motiv troligt ansvariga för de observerade ändringarna. En högaktiv förfädersmutant kunde framgångsrikt tillämpas i en uppskalad reaktion med kofaktoråtervinning. I artikel IV tillämpades ekotoxicitet-prediktionsmodeller på datasetet av substrat från artikel II. Prediktionerna hade låg reliabilitet, och sätt för att förbättra detta diskuterades. Sammanfattningsvis, den här avhandlingen visar alternativa sätt för mer hållbar produktion av kemikalier samt potentialen hos enzymkatalys.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. p. 73
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2025:24
Keywords
Enzyme catalysis, ancestral sequence reconstruction, amide bond synthesis, ATP-dependent amide bond synthetases, Enzymkatalys, ancestral sekvensrekonstruktion, amidsyntes, ATP-beroende amidbindningssyntetaser
National Category
Chemical Sciences Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Molecular Biology
Research subject
Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-368906 (URN)978-91-8106-370-7 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-09-26, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/65349554799, F3, Lindstedtsvägen 23, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20250829

Available from: 2025-08-29 Created: 2025-08-22 Last updated: 2025-10-30Bibliographically approved

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Stamm, ArneOhlin, JohannesMosbech, CarolineOlsen, PeterGuo, BoyangSöderberg, ElisabethBiundo, AntoninoFogelström, LindaMalmström, EvaSyrén, Per-Olof

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Stamm, ArneOhlin, JohannesMosbech, CarolineOlsen, PeterGuo, BoyangSöderberg, ElisabethBiundo, AntoninoFogelström, LindaBornscheuer, Uwe T.Malmström, EvaSyrén, Per-Olof
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