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Cooperative Beacon Rate Adaptation for Vehicular Ad-hoc Network
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS).
2021 (English)Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
Abstract [en]

In Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs), the vehicles need to periodically exchange current mobility status information with neighboring vehicles through beacon messages. The mobility status includes, among others, speed, position, and direction of the vehicle, which help vehicles to keep awareness of neighboring vehicles for better traffic efficiency and safety. However, high rate of secured beacons results in higher communication overhead, which leads to channel congestion and packet loss in scenarios with large number of vehicles. Adaptive beacon rates (thus lower beacon rate when needed, e.g., in dense settings) can help relieving the communication overhead in the network. However, an optimized beacon rate without the consideration of possible packet loss could degrade the performance of the system. In this thesis, we propose a cooperative beacon rate adaptation scheme (CBA) for VANET. In this scheme, the vehicles adapt their beacon rate cooperatively instead of maintaining a default beacon rate of 10Hz (i.e., 10 safety beacons per second), which can reduce channel load. To be precise, the beacon rate of a vehicle increases when this vehicle detects packet loss for its beacons. When a packet is lost, the sender is notified by the scheme and broadcasts more frequently in the near future, so that the neighboring vehicles are able to maintain awareness of the vehicle mobility status. The notification is based on special acknowledgement included in beacons. We use OMNeT++, SUMO and Veins to simulate the performance of CBA in real world scenario. Using the simulation results, we show that our CBA scheme improves cooperative awareness while reducing network load. 

Abstract [sv]

I Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) behöver fordonen periodiskt utbyta aktuell mobilitetsstatusinformation med närliggande fordon genom beacon-meddelanden. Rörlighetsstatusen inkluderar bland annat hastighet, position och riktning för fordonet, vilket hjälper fordon att hålla koll på närliggande fordon för bättre trafikeffektivitet och säkerhet. Hög frekvens av säkrade beacons resulterar dock i högre kommunikationskostnader, vilket leder till kanalstockning och paketförlust i scenarier med ett stort antal fordon. Adaptiva beacon-hastigheter (därmed lägre beacon-hastighet vid behov, t.ex. i täta inställningar) kan hjälpa till att avlasta kommunikationskostnaderna i nätverket. En optimerad beacon-hastighet utan hänsyn till eventuell paketförlust kan emellertid försämra systemets prestanda. I den här avhandlingen föreslår vi ett kooperativt beacon rate adaptation system (CBA) för VANET. I det här schemat anpassar fordonen sin beacon-hastighet i samarbete istället för att bibehålla en standardbeacon-hastighet på 10Hz (dvs. 10 säkerhetsfyrar per sekund), vilket kan minska kanalbelastningen. För att vara exakt ökar beacon-hastigheten för ett fordon när detta fordon upptäcker paketförlust för dess beacons. När ett paket går förlorat meddelas avsändaren av systemet och sänder oftare inom en snar framtid, så att närliggande fordon kan upprätthålla medvetenhet om fordonets mobilitetsstatus. Anmälan baseras på en särskild bekräftelse som ingår i beacons. Vi använder OMNeT++, SUMO och Veins för att simulera prestandan för CBA i verkliga scenarier. Med hjälp av simuleringsresultaten visar vi att vårt CBA-schema förbättrar samarbetsmedvetenheten samtidigt som det minskar nätverksbelastningen.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2021. , p. 44
Series
TRITA-EECS-EX ; 2021:936
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-309213OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-309213DiVA, id: diva2:1640119
Educational program
Master of Science - Information and Network Engineering
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2022-02-24 Created: 2022-02-23 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved

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