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Promoting Selective Generation of Formic Acid from CO2 Using Mn(bpy)(CO)(3)Br as Electrocatalyst and Triethylamine/Isopropanol as Additives
Aarhus Univ, Carbon Dioxide Activat Ctr CADIAC, Interdisciplinary Nanosci Ctr, Dept Chem, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark..
Aarhus Univ, Carbon Dioxide Activat Ctr CADIAC, Interdisciplinary Nanosci Ctr, Dept Chem, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.;Everfuel, Ost Hogildvej 4A, DK-7400 Herning, Denmark..
Aarhus Univ, Carbon Dioxide Activat Ctr CADIAC, Interdisciplinary Nanosci Ctr, Dept Chem, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.;Guldsmedgade 15,3th, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark..
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Theoretical Chemistry and Biology.
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2021 (English)In: Journal of the American Chemical Society, ISSN 0002-7863, E-ISSN 1520-5126, Vol. 143, no 48, p. 20491-20500Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Urgent solutions are needed to efficiently convert the greenhouse gas CO2 into higher-value products. In this work, facMn(bpy)(CO)(3)Br (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) is employed as electrocatalyst in reductive CO2 conversion. It is shown that product selectivity can be shifted from CO toward HCOOH using appropriate additives, i.e., Et3N along with iPrOH. A crucial aspect of the strategy is to outrun the dimer-generating parent-child reaction involving facMn(bpy)(CO)(3)Br and [Mn(bpy)(CO)(3)](-) and instead produce the Mn hydride intermediate. Preferentially, this is done at the first reduction wave to enable formation of HCOOH at an overpotential as low as 260 mV and with faradaic efficiency of 59 +/- 1%. The latter may be increased to 71 +/- 3% at an overpotential of 560 mV, using 2 M concentrations of both Et3N and iPrOH. The nature of the amine additive is crucial for product selectivity, as the faradaic efficiency for HCOOH formation decreases to 13 +/- 4% if Et3N is replaced with Et2NH. The origin of this difference lies in the ability of Et3N/iPrOH to establish an equilibrium solution of isopropyl carbonate and CO2, while with Et2NH/iPrOH, formation of the diethylcarbamic acid is favored. According to density-functional theory calculations, CO2 in the former case can take part favorably in the catalytic cycle, while this is less opportune in the latter case because of the CO2-to-carbamic acid conversion. This work presents a straightforward procedure for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to HCOOH by combining an easily synthesized manganese catalyst with commercially available additives.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Chemical Society (ACS) , 2021. Vol. 143, no 48, p. 20491-20500
National Category
Physical Chemistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-309274DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10805ISI: 000750743100055PubMedID: 34813304Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85120339580OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-309274DiVA, id: diva2:1640544
Note

QC 20220224

Available from: 2022-02-24 Created: 2022-02-24 Last updated: 2025-05-21Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Simulations of CO2 reduction in molecular materials
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Simulations of CO2 reduction in molecular materials
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The anthropogenic effect induces, among other gases, an increase of atmo- spheric carbon dioxide concentration, which contributes to global warming and the resulting climate change. Compared to the pre-industrial era, a tem- perature increase of 1.5 °C was recorded in 2024. Although this may seem like a modest amount, it represents a significant accumulation of heat. One way to counteract this increase is by using catalysts towards the conversion of CO2 to high-value products. This Ph.D. thesis focuses on the development and mechanistic investigation of promising catalysts capable of reducing CO2 to HCOOH or CO, two important chemical feedstocks. 

The first study shows that by using the Mn(bpy)(CO)3 Br catalyst along with triethylamine and isopropanol as additives, the electrochemical reduction of CO2 is shifted from CO to HCOOH. The reaction mechanism was elucidated, highlighting the critical role of these additives. Subsequently, in the second study, changes were made to the bipyridine ligand of the Mn(bpy)(CO)3Br catalyst to see how it would affect catalyst performance and selectivity. We compared two Mn catalysts with two and four pendant amine groups and performed density functional theory calculations to investigate the effect of these pendant groups. 

Besides transition metal-based molecular catalysts, this thesis also covers the modeling of metal-organic frameworks. To gain deeper insights into their catalytic properties, in the third study we first developed a new cationic dummy atom model that successfully reproduced experimental values and ensured successful and stable molecular dynamics simulations. Beyond that, some properties such as the "breathing phenomena" were modeled. Newly parame- trized force fields for metal ions showed to be transferable in our fourth project, where cobalt-based MOF, Al2(OH)2TCPP-Co, was investigated due to its po- tential for reducing CO2 to CO in an aqueous electrolyte. Simulations pro- vided insights into the spatial distribution of CO2 and counter ions, which further led to conclusions that can help further research within the field on how to enhance MOF structure for electrochemical conversion. 

This work provides the reader with knowledge about interesting candi- dates for electrochemical CO2 conversion and ideas for possible advancements in the future within the field. Additional literature, that exceeds the scope of this research, will be included to provide a broader overview of the problem and potential solutions to it. 

Abstract [sv]

Den antropogena påverkan orsakar, bland annat, en ökning av koldioxidhalten i atmosfären, vilket bidrar till global uppvärmning och den därav följande klimatförändringen. Jämfört med den förindustriella eran har en temperaturökning på 1.5 °C registrerats år 2024. Även om detta kan verka som en blygsam ökning, representerar det en betydande ackumulering av värme. Ett sätt att motverka denna ökning är att använda katalysatorer för omvandling av CO2 till värdefulla produkter. Denna doktorsavhandling fokuserar på utveckling och mekanistisk analys av lovande katalysatorer som kan reducera CO2 till HCOOH eller CO, två viktiga kemiska råvaror. 

Den första studien visar att tillämpandet av Mn(bpy)(CO)3Br-katalysatorn tillsammans med trietylamin och isopropanol som tillsatser, kan den elektrokemiska reduktionen av CO2 skiftas från CO till HCOOH. Reaktionsmekanismen klargjordes, vilket betonade tillsatsernas avgörande roll. Därefter, i den andra studien, gjordes Modifikationer på bipyridinliganden i Mn(bpy)(CO)3 Br- katalysatorn för att undersöka dess påverkan på katalysatorns prestanda och selektivitet. Vi jämförde två Mn-katalysatorer med två respektive fyra amino- sidogrupper och utförde DFT för att undersöka effekten av dessa grupper. 

Förutom molekylära katalysatorer baserade på övergångsmetaller omfattar denna avhandling även modellering av metallorganiska ramverk (MOF). För att få djupare insikter i deras katalytiska egenskaper utvecklade vi i den tredje studien en ny katjonisk dummyatommodell som framgångsrikt reproducerade experimentella värden och möjliggjorde stabila och tillförlitliga molekylär- dynamiksimuleringar. Utöver detta modellerades vissa egenskaper såsom "andningsfenomenet". De nyparametriserade kraftfälten för metalljoner visade sig vara överförbara i vårt fjärde projekt där en koboltbaserad MOF, Al2(OH)2TCPP- Co, undersöktes givet dess potential att reducera CO2 till CO i en vatten-baserad elektrolyt. Simuleringarna gav insikter kring distributionen av CO2 och motjoner, vilket i sin tur gav upphov till slutsatser som kan bidra till framtida forskning om hur MOF-strukturer kan förbättras för elektrokemisk omvandling. 

Detta arbete ger läsaren kunskap om intressanta kandidater för elektrokemisk omvandling av CO2 samt idéer för möjliga framtida framsteg inom området. Ytterligare litteratur som sträcker sig bortom denna studies omfång kommer att inkluderas för att ge en bredare överblick av problemet och potentiella lösningar.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. p. 53
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2025:20
National Category
Natural Sciences
Research subject
Theoretical Chemistry and Biology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-363704 (URN)978-91-8106-321-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-06-12, F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26, via Zoom: https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/64130196317, Stockholm, 09:30 (English)
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Note

QC 2025-05-21

Available from: 2025-05-21 Created: 2025-05-21 Last updated: 2025-06-30Bibliographically approved

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Golo, DusankaAhlquist, Mårten S. G.

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