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TE-Wave Propagation over an Impedance-Matched RHM to LHM Transition in a Hollow Waveguide
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electromagnetic Engineering.
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electromagnetic Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5396-141X
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electromagnetic Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0369-7520
2022 (English)In: Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, ISSN 1937-8726, Vol. 110, p. 1-10Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

We study TE-wave propagation in a hollow waveguide with a graded transition from a lossy right-handed material (RHM) filling the left-hand half of the waveguide to the impedance-matched lossy left-handed material (LHM) filling the right-hand half of the waveguide. The transition between the two media is graded along the direction perpendicular to the boundary between the two materials (chosen to be the z-direction), and the permittivity epsilon(omega, z) and permeability mu(omega, z) are chosen to vary according to hyperbolic tangent functions along the z-direction. We obtain exact analytical solutions to Maxwell's equations for lossy media, and the solutions for the field components confirm the expected properties of RHM-LHM structures. Thereafter, a numerical study of the wave propagation over an impedance-matched graded RHM-LHM interface is performed, using COMSOL software. The numerical study shows an excellent agreement between the numerical simulations and analytical results. Compared to other solution methods, the present approach has the advantage of being able to model more realistic smooth transitions between different materials. However, in the limiting case, it includes correct results for abrupt transitions as well. In the present approach we also introduce interface width as an additional degree of freedom that can be used in the design of practical RHM-LHM interfaces.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
ELECTROMAGNETICS ACAD , 2022. Vol. 110, p. 1-10
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-312189DOI: 10.2528/PIERM22022505ISI: 000790246500001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85129659642OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-312189DiVA, id: diva2:1658852
Note

QC 20220518

Available from: 2022-05-18 Created: 2022-05-18 Last updated: 2025-11-24Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Analytical and numerical studies of wave propagation in waveguides filled with graded metamaterial structures
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Analytical and numerical studies of wave propagation in waveguides filled with graded metamaterial structures
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This thesis investigates wave propagation in waveguides with different cross-sectional geometries, filled with graded metamaterial structures. The growing interest in graded metamaterials in electromagnetic applications and models is motivated by their realism, mathematical simplicity, and versatility, compared to the conventional materials that are in use today. The majority of the research community resorts to the use of numerical implementations and solvers for obtaining a solution for the field distribution and propagation characteristics. However, these methods do not provide explicit physical insight into the connection between the steepness of the graded-index profiles and their respective field solutions. Thus, the motivation for the research in this thesis is to focus on analytically solving the wave equation for several graded-index profiles to gain physical insight into the field solutions and what phenomena may be predicted from these results.

The research in this thesis focuses on the graded impedance-matched RHM-LHM profile, which is a composite material involving an impedance-matched transition from a right-handed material to a left-handed material. The profile possesses a variable transition steepness of the relative material parameter values and dispersive characteristics. These variable properties act as degrees of freedom, thereby introducing a high degree of modeling flexibility and allowing for the study of wave propagation under more general conditions. Both non-periodic and periodic impedance-matched RHM-LHM transition profiles have been theoretically studied here using analytical functions. It is of interest to study these RHM-LHM composite materials, as the interaction between a regular material and a metamaterial may lead to newly discovered phenomena, novel analytical expressions of electromagnetic fields, and provide a deeper understanding of the underlying principles at the interface between such media.

The solution method is based on describing these graded metamaterial structures by their relative permittivity and permeability functions, where either one or both of these properties have a graded transition profile. The wave equation for each metamaterial structure is derived using Maxwell's equations and solved using the boundary conditions imposed by the waveguide geometry. The field distribution and propagation characteristics for a given electromagnetic mode are analytically expressed and visualized using the numerical software tool MATLAB. Furthermore, numerical results are obtained using the numerical software tool COMSOL Multiphysics, which are then compared with the analytical results to validate the analytical expressions derived from the wave equation.

Abstract [sv]

Denna avhandling undersöker vågutbredning i vågledare med olika tvärsnitts-geometrier, som är fyllda med graderade metamaterialstrukturer. Det växande intresset för graderade metamaterial i elektromagnetiska tillämpningar motiveras av deras realism, matematiska enkelhet och mångsidighet, jämfört med de konventionella material som används idag. Majoriteten av forskningen inom området använder sig av numeriska implementeringar och lösare för att erhålla en lösning för fältfördelnings- och utbredningsegenskaperna. Dessa metoder ger dock inte explicit fysikalisk insikt i sambandet mellan de graderade materialprofilerna och deras respektive fältlösningar. Motivationen bakom denna forskning är därför att fokusera på att analytiskt lösa vågekvationen för realistiska graderade indexprofiler, för att få ökad fysikalisk insikt i fältlösningarna, samt vilka fenomen som kan förutsägas utifrån dessa resultat.

Forskningen fokuserar på den graderade impedansmatchade RHM-LHM-profilen, vilket är ett kompositmaterial som involverar en impedansmatchad övergång från ett högerhänt material till ett vänsterhänt material. Profilen har en variabel branthet i övergången av de relativa materialparametrarna och dispersiva egenskaper. Dessa variabla egenskaper fungerar som frihetsgrader, vilket introducerar en hög grad av modelleringsflexibilitet och möjliggör studier av vågutbredning och fältfördelningar under mer generella förhållanden. Både icke-periodiska och periodiska impedansmatchade RHM-LHM-övergångsprofiler har här teoretiskt studerats med hjälp av analytiska funktioner. Det är av intresse att studera RHM-LHM kompositmaterial eftersom interaktionen mellan ett konventionellt material och ett metamaterial kan leda till nyupptäckta fenomen, nya analytiska uttryck för de elektromagnetiska fälten, och bidra till en djupare förståelse av de underliggande principerna för ett gränssnitt mellan sådana medier.

Arbetet går ut på att beskriva dessa graderade metamaterialstrukturer utifrån deras relativa permittivitets- och permeabilitetsfunktioner, där antingen en eller båda dessa egenskaper har en graderad övergångsprofil. Vågekvationen för varje metamaterialstruktur härleds med hjälp av Maxwells ekvationer och löses med hjälp av de randvillkor som vågledargeometrin ställer. Fältfördelnings- och utbredningsegenskaperna för en given elektromagnetisk mod uttrycks analytiskt och visualiseras med hjälp av det numeriska programvaruverktyget MATLAB. Vidare erhålls numeriska resultat med hjälp av det numeriska programvaruverktyget COMSOL Multiphysics, vilka sedan jämförs med de analytiska resultaten för att validera de analytiska uttryck som härletts från vågekvationen.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. p. 57
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2025:109
Keywords
graded-index profile, impedance matching, left-handed material (LHM), metamaterial, waveguide theory, graderad materialprofil, impedansmatchning, vänsterhänta material (LHM), metamaterial, vågledarteori
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Research subject
Electrical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-373231 (URN)978-91-8106-480-3 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-12-18, H1, Teknikringen 33, Stockholm, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2018-05001KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Note

QC 20251124

Available from: 2025-11-24 Created: 2025-11-24 Last updated: 2025-11-25Bibliographically approved

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Rana, BalwanSvendsen, Brage B.Dalarsson, Mariana

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