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To Rate or Not to Rate: Investigating Evaluation Methods for Generated Co-Speech Gestures
Ghent university .
University of Kansas, USA.
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Robotics, Perception and Learning, RPL.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9838-8848
Ghent uni .
2021 (English)In: ICMI 2021 - Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Multimodal Interaction, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) , 2021, p. 494-502Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

While automatic performance metrics are crucial for machine learning of artificial human-like behaviour, the gold standard for evaluation remains human judgement. The subjective evaluation of artificial human-like behaviour in embodied conversational agents is however expensive and little is known about the quality of the data it returns. Two approaches to subjective evaluation can be largely distinguished, one relying on ratings, the other on pairwise comparisons. In this study we use co-speech gestures to compare the two against each other and answer questions about their appropriateness for evaluation of artificial behaviour. We consider their ability to rate quality, but also aspects pertaining to the effort of use and the time required to collect subjective data. We use crowd sourcing to rate the quality of co-speech gestures in avatars, assessing which method picks up more detail in subjective assessments. We compared gestures generated by three different machine learning models with various level of behavioural quality. We found that both approaches were able to rank the videos according to quality and that the ranking significantly correlated, showing that in terms of quality there is no preference of one method over the other. We also found that pairwise comparisons were slightly faster and came with improved inter-rater reliability, suggesting that for small-scale studies pairwise comparisons are to be favoured over ratings.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) , 2021. p. 494-502
Keywords [en]
evaluation methodology, nonverbal behaviour, user study, virtual agents, Behavioral research, Machine learning, User interfaces, Evaluation methodologies, Evaluation methods, Gold standards, Human like, Non-verbal behaviours, Pair-wise comparison, Performance metrices, Subjective evaluations, Virtual agent, Quality control
National Category
Computer Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-313184DOI: 10.1145/3462244.3479889ISI: 001438610800058Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85118988049OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-313184DiVA, id: diva2:1663436
Conference
23rd ACM International Conference on Multimodal Interaction, ICMI 2021, 18 October 2021 through 22 October 2021
Note

QC 20220602

part of proceedings ISBN 9781450384810

Available from: 2022-06-02 Created: 2022-06-02 Last updated: 2025-12-08Bibliographically approved

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Kucherenko, Taras

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CiteExportLink to record
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Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
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  • de-DE
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More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf