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Miljövänlig och hållbar additiv tillverkning
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology.
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology.
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology.
2022 (Swedish)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Environmentally friendly and sustainable additive manufacturing (English)
Abstract [sv]

Den additiva tillverkningsindustrin associeras ofta med en hållbar hushållning av resurser. Trots detta har denna industriavfall med stor potential till vidare användning. Detta kandidatexamensarbete undersöker möjligheten att använda Polyamid 12 (PA12) avfall från selektiv lasersintring (SLS) i formen av filament till en annan additiv tillverkningsmetod, friformsframställning. Avfall från olika delar av SLS-processen försågs av life science företaget Cytiva. Olika blandningar av avfallen extruderades till filament. Innan extrudering undersöktes innehåll samt de termiska egenskaperna hos avfallet med hjälp av differentiell skanningskalometri (DSC), termogravimetrisk analys och fourier transform infraröd spektroskopi. Filamenten analyserades med dragprovning, DSC och svepelektronmikroskopi. Rent obearbetat PA12 pulver och ett kommersiellt PA12 filament användes som referenser vid jämförelse.

Blandningarna innehållande avfall från SLS-printerns automatiska rengöringsprocess var kontaminerade med glaspartiklar och blev därför spröda och erhöll en skrovlig yta. Dessa filament gick inte att 3D-printa eftersom glaspartiklar ansamlades i munstycket av printern. Flera filament fick en ojäm och liten diameter och kunde därför inte användas i 3D-printern. Ojämn och liten diameter blev resultatet av bekymmer med sensorn som mäter diametern av filamenten. Dessa filament gjordes av granulerade utskrivna prototyper, pulver nära utskrivna delar och silat pulver långt ifrån de utskrivna delarna.

Filament gjorda på blandningar innehållande avfall från dammsugaren som används för att rengöra SLS-printern kunde med framgång skrivas ut i 3D-printern. Dessa filament hade en jämn diameter och innehöll inga större kontamineringar. Det är därför genomförbart att tillverka filament av avfall från alla delar av SLS-processen även om inte alla filament kunde 3D-printas.

Abstract [en]

Additive manufacturing is often associated with sustainable use of resources. However, this industry still has material waste with great potential for further use. This bachelor thesis examines the opportunity of using Polyamide 12 (PA12) waste from Selective laser sintering (SLS) in the form of filaments for another additive manufacturing method, fused filament fabrication. Waste from different parts of the SLS process were provided from the life science company Cytiva. Several blends of the waste were made into filaments. Prior extrusion, the thermal properties and content of the waste were examined with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The filaments were analyzed by tensile testing, DSC and scanning electron microscopy. Pure virgin powder of PA12 and a commercial PA12 filament were used as a reference for comparison.

The blends containing waste from the SLS printer’s automatic blasting was contaminated with glass beads which resulted in brittle filaments with a rough surface. These filaments were not possible to 3D print with due to accumulation of glass beads in the nozzle of the printer. Several filaments got an uneven and small diameter and could therefore not be 3D printed with. The small and uneven diameter was a result of issues with the sensor measuring the diameter. This includes filaments made of granulated printed prototypes, powder close to the printed parts and sieved powder further away from printed parts.

The filaments made of blends including waste from the vacuum cleaner used to clean the SLS printer could successfully be used in printing. These filaments had an even diameter and did not contain any larger contaminations. It is therefore possible to make filaments from waste from all parts of the SLS process although not all filaments could be 3D printed.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2022.
Series
TRITA-CBH-GRU ; 2022:221
Keywords [en]
Filament, Polyamide 12, SLS waste, FFF printing, recycling
National Category
Materials Chemistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-314939OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-314939DiVA, id: diva2:1677009
Subject / course
Chemical Science and Engineering
Educational program
Master of Science in Engineering - Engineering Chemistry
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2022-12-27 Created: 2022-06-27

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