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Computational Analysis of Flow Structures in Turbulent Ventricular Blood Flow Associated With Mitral Valve Intervention
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Computational Science and Technology (CST). joelkro@kth.se.
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Computational Science and Technology (CST).ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4448-1606
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Computational Science and Technology (CST).
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2022 (English)In: Frontiers in Physiology, E-ISSN 1664-042X, Vol. 13, article id 806534Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Cardiac disease and clinical intervention may both lead to an increased risk for thrombosis events due to a modified blood flow in the heart, and thereby a change in the mechanical stimuli of blood cells passing through the chambers of the heart. Specifically, the degree of platelet activation is influenced by the level and type of mechanical stresses in the blood flow. In this article we analyze the blood flow in the left ventricle of the heart through a computational model constructed from patient-specific data. The blood flow in the ventricle is modelled by the Navier-Stokes equations, and the flow through the mitral valve by a parameterized model which represents the projected opening of the valve. A finite element method is used to solve the equations, from which a simulation of the velocity and pressure of the blood flow is constructed. The intraventricular blood flow is complex, in particular in diastole when the inflow jet from the atrium breaks down into turbulent flow on a range of scales. A triple decomposition of the velocity gradient tensor is then used to distinguish between rigid body rotational flow, irrotational straining flow, and shear flow. The triple decomposition enables the separation of three fundamentally different flow structures, that each generates a distinct type of mechanical stimulus on the blood cells in the flow. We compare the results in a simulation where a mitral valve clip intervention is modelled, which leads to a significant modification of the intraventricular flow. Further, we perform a sensitivity study of the results with respect to the positioning of the clip. It was found that the shear in the simulation cases treated with clips increased more compared to the untreated case than the rotation and strain did. A decrease in valve opening area of 64% in one of the cases led to a 90% increase in rotation and strain, but a 150% increase in shear. The computational analysis opens up for improvements in models of shear-induced platelet activation, by offering an algorithm to distinguish shear from other modalities in intraventricular blood flow.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Frontiers Media SA , 2022. Vol. 13, article id 806534
Keywords [en]
patient-specific heart modelling, left ventricle, mitral valve clip, finite element method, FEM, turbulent blood flow, triple decomposition of velocity gradient tensor
National Category
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Disease Computer Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-315889DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.806534ISI: 000826442700001PubMedID: 35846019Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85134248956OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-315889DiVA, id: diva2:1684823
Note

QC 20220728

Available from: 2022-07-28 Created: 2022-07-28 Last updated: 2025-12-17Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Turbulence Generation and Left Ventricular Hemodynamics Elucidated Through Flow Decomposition
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Turbulence Generation and Left Ventricular Hemodynamics Elucidated Through Flow Decomposition
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

In recent years, the triple decomposition of the velocity gradient tensor has emerged as a novel vortex identification method in fluid flows. Although early algorithms for computing it were limited by an incomplete physical interpretation of the underlying mathematics, the decomposition has the potential to contribute to more than just vortex identification, such as shear estimation in blood flow and analysis of turbulence generation.

An attractive feature of the triple decomposition is its ability to give a rotation measure uncontaminated by shear, something that many established methods fail to do. However, several different algorithms have been proposed for computing it, and not all of them yield the same results. Here, advances are presented not only in explaining this non-uniqueness and motivating a unified and simplified approach for computing the triple decomposition, but in widening the scope of its applications as well.

In blood flow, shear is an important parameter that, if sustained at a high level, may contribute to platelet activation and subsequent thrombosis events such as stroke or myocardial infarction. Simulations are presented here of the intraventricular blood flow in the left ventricle of a human heart, both using a simplified model of the mitral valve to simulate transcatheter edge-to-edge repair, and introducing a novel arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian fluid-structure interaction model of the mitral valve. The triple decomposition is demonstrated to outperform the established von Mises-like scalar shear stress, which is shown to be contaminated by strain.

A mathematical stability analysis of the shear, strain and rotation components from the triple decomposition is also used to motivate a novel process in turbulence generation. In a simulation of two adjacent vortices interacting to develop turbulent flow, a zig-zag pattern is identified as a mechanism that rearranges small-scale secondary vortices to transfer energy to larger scales, contributing to the formation of a turbulent energy spectrum.

The results presented in this thesis contribute not only to better understanding and more straightforward computation of the triple decomposition, but also demonstrate its usefulness in improving analysis of potentially adverse shear in blood flow, as well as of fundamental aspects of turbulence generation.

Abstract [sv]

Under de senaste åren har triple decomposition av hastighetsgradienten framträtt som en ny metod för virvelidentifiering i flöden. Även om tidiga algoritmer för att beräkna den begränsades av en ofullständig fysisk tolkning av den underliggande matematiken, har dekompositionen potential att bidra till mer än enbart virvelidentifiering, exempelvis till uppskattning av skjuvning i blodflöde och analys av turbulensgenerering.

En attraktiv egenskap hos triple decomposition är dess förmåga att ge ett rotationsmått som inte är kontaminerat av skjuvning, något som många etablerade metoder misslyckas med att uppnå. Flera olika algoritmer har dock föreslagits för att beräkna den, och alla ger inte samma resultat. Här presenteras framsteg inte bara gällande förklaring av denna brist på entydighet, och därigenom motivering av ett enhetligt och förenklat tillvägagångssätt för att beräkna triple decomposition, utan också gällande utvidgning av dess tillämpningsområden.

I blodflöde är skjuvning en viktig parameter som, om den upprätthålls på en hög nivå, kan bidra till aktivering av blodplättar och påföljande tromboembolism såsom stroke eller hjärtinfarkt. Här presenteras simuleringar av det intraventrikulära blodflödet i den vänstra kammaren i ett mänskligt hjärta, både med användning av en förenklad modell av mitralisklaffen för att simulera kateterburen edge-to-edge-reparation, och med introduktion av en ny arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian fluid-struktur-interaktionsmodell av mitralisklaffen. Triple decomposition demonstreras överträffa det etablerade måttet von Mises-like scalar shear stress, som visas vara kontaminerat av töjning.

En matematisk stabilitetsanalys av skjuvnings-, töjnings- och rotationskomponenterna från triple decomposition används också för att motivera en ny process inom turbulensgenerering. I en simulering av två intilliggande virvlar som interagerar för att utveckla turbulent flöde identifieras ett sicksackmönster som en mekanism som omorganiserar småskaliga sekundära virvlar och därmed överför energi till större skalor, vilket bidrar till att ett turbulent energispektrum bildas.

Resultaten som presenteras i denna avhandling bidrar inte bara till en bättre förståelse och mer direkt beräkning av triple decomposition, utan demonstrerar också dess användbarhet för förbättrad analys av potentiellt skadlig skjuvning i blodflöde, samt av fundamentala aspekter av turbulensgenerering.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. p. 57
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2026:7
Keywords
Computational Fluid Dynamics, Triple Decomposition, Turbulence, Fluid-Structure Interaction, Hemodynamics
National Category
Fluid Mechanics
Research subject
Computer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-374287 (URN)978-91-8106-499-5 (ISBN)
Public defence
2026-01-30, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/68657960472, D2, Lindstedtsvägen 5, Stockholm, 11:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2018-04854
Note

QC 20251218

Available from: 2025-12-18 Created: 2025-12-17 Last updated: 2025-12-18Bibliographically approved

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Kronborg, JoelSvelander, FridaEriksson Lidbrink, SamuelHoms Pons, CarmeHoffman, Johan

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