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Provision of multiple services with controllable loads as multi-area thermal energy storage
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electric Power and Energy Systems. DTU Denmark Tech Univ, Dept Elect Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark..ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0685-0199
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5938-4614
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electric Power and Energy Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9998-9773
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6266-8485
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2023 (English)In: Journal of Energy Storage, ISSN 2352-152X, E-ISSN 2352-1538, Vol. 63, p. 107062-, article id 107062Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Power systems are experiencing a decrease of synchronous generation along with increased penetration of inverter based renewable generation leading to reduced system inertia and a need for flexible resources. Non-generating resources such as thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) are flexible due to their thermal energy storage capacity. When aggregated, TCLs can arbitrage energy prices and provide reserves to the power system. We approach the operational flexibility of the TCLs by modeling a risk-averse aggregator that controls decentralized TCLs and aims to maximize its own profit. The high number and low power rating of residential TCLs makes it difficult to model and assess their flexibility potential on national level. Thus, we make use of a high-level thermal energy storage model for aggregations of TCLs to quantify their flexibility potential. We present a method to aggregate temperature, TCL parameters, and building stock data into a thermal battery equivalent. We propose a multi-period multi-market multi-zonal two-stage chance constrained rolling horizon optimization problem formulation for the risk-averse day-ahead self-scheduling problem of a price-taker TCL aggregator bidding in energy and reserve markets under uncertainty and recast the problem as a linear program. We perform several case studies in the Swedish power system based on a survey of single -and two-family dwellings with electric heating and assess the flexibility potential. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis provides insights regarding market design and policy implications.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV , 2023. Vol. 63, p. 107062-, article id 107062
Keywords [en]
Ancillary services, Frequency reserves, Demand response, Optimal bidding, Thermostatically controlled loads, Stochastic optimization
National Category
Energy Systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-325597DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2023.107062ISI: 000951661800001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85150904986OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-325597DiVA, id: diva2:1750090
Note

QC 20230412

Available from: 2023-04-12 Created: 2023-04-12 Last updated: 2023-08-28Bibliographically approved

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Herre, LarsNourozi, BehrouzHesamzadeh, Mohammad RezaWang, QianSöder, Lennart

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