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Exploring the Effects of Municipal Land and Building Policies on Apartment Size in New Residential Construction in Sweden
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Real Estate Economics and Finance.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9768-8539
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Real Estate Economics and Finance.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1729-3933
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Real Estate Economics and Finance.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9944-0510
2023 (English)In: Journal of Risk and Financial Management, E-ISSN 1911-8074, Vol. 16, no 4, p. 220-220Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

New residential construction in many countries with rapid urban growth is often interrelated with smaller housing units being built. Sweden is not an exception. It is of interest to investigate the driving forces behind this tendency. Our presumption is that municipal land price policies and building permit regulations might play a certain role in this process. Contrary to previous studies that focus on the number of new dwelling units in housing construction, our purpose is to analyze the average size of new housing units and the factors that affect it on an aggregate level. We apply seemingly unrelated regressions for analysis of the average apartment size in new residential construction in the three largest metropolitan regions in Sweden as a function of the changes in population, apartment rent and prices, mortgage interest rates, land prices, and building permits per capita as a proxy for regulation. The unbalanced panel dataset includes the period between 1998 and 2017 and covers both the rental and the housing cooperative sectors. The analysis demonstrates that land prices and building policies along with market fundamentals are the underlying factors that affect the average size of an apartment in new residential construction in Sweden.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2023. Vol. 16, no 4, p. 220-220
Keywords [en]
apartment size, new residential construction, land prices, building policies
National Category
Economics
Research subject
Real Estate and Construction Management
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-327133DOI: 10.3390/jrfm16040220Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85153729328OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-327133DiVA, id: diva2:1757982
Funder
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Housing 2.0 (Bostad 2.0)
Note

QC 20230522

Available from: 2023-05-19 Created: 2023-05-19 Last updated: 2024-06-18Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Housing Market Dynamics
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Housing Market Dynamics
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Alternative title[sv]
Bostadsmarknadens dynamik
Abstract [en]

The dynamics of housing markets constitute a complex phenomenon. The body of research is vast and includes thousands of studies done on the national and international level. Empirical evidence indicates that housing markets differ in local institutional arrangements and that these might affect the ways they develop over time. To analyze housing market dynamics in various institutional environments and to increase our understanding of them is the main objective of this thesis.

The scope of research includes analysis of relevant theories and empirical models that might explain development of house prices over the long run. Given that prices affect housing construction, this thesis also aims to deepen understanding of the impact of the relationship between new construction and underlying fundamentals, together with various institutional arrangements that might differ between countries. In particular, they include bank lending policies, valuation methods for mortgage purposes, different regulatory measures like rent control, as well as land and building policies.

The Swedish apartment market was chosen for empirical analysis. The analysis is carried out by a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodology and applies several research methods, such as systematic literature review, and panel data analysis with application of advanced econometric techniques like Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares, Fixed and Random Effects and Seemingly Unrelated Regressions. Four studies are carried out using these methodologies.

The results indicate that the interest rate, disposable income and population growth seem to be major determinants of house prices according to studies found in the empirical literature (Paper 1). The study also classifies house price determinants in relation to the size of their elasticities. However, fundamental factors cannot always provide an explanation for the deviations in house price dynamics in different countries, whereas the institutional environment might do so (Paper 2). The analysis demonstrates that land prices and building policies, along with a number of market fundamentals, affect the average size of an apartment in new residential construction (Paper 3). In the presence of rent control, the rent or price level does not contribute by adding new units to the total housing stock. In addition, the displacement effect occurs primarily in the market’s rental sector and not in the tenant-owned apartments segment (Paper 4).

This research contributes to a better understanding of housing markets dynamics and suggests policy implications that might reduce the risks for housing bubbles and improve the socio-economic development of the society over the long run.

Abstract [sv]

Bostadsmarknadens dynamik är ett komplext fenomen. Forskningen är enorm och omfattar tusentals studier gjorda på nationell och internationell nivå. Empiriska studier tyder på att bostadsmarknaderna skiljer sig åt i lokala institutionella arrangemang och det kan påverka hur de utvecklas över tiden. Att analysera bostadsmarknadens dynamik i olika institutionella miljöer och att öka vår förståelse om den är huvudsyftet med denna avhandling.

Forskningsfokus ligger på analys av relevanta teorier och empiriska modeller som kan förklara utvecklingen av huspriser på lång sikt. Med tanke på att priserna påverkar bostadsbyggandet är fokus också på att förstå effekterna av sambandet mellan nybyggnation och underliggande fundamentala faktorer tillsammans med olika institutionella arrangemang som kan skilja sig åt mellan länder. De inkluderar banklånepolitik, värderingsmetoder, olika regleringar som hyresreglering, restriktioner av mark- och nybyggnation.

Den svenska bostadsmarknaden valdes för tillämpad analys. Analysen utförs med kombinationen av kvalitativ och kvantitativ metodik och tillämpar flera forskningsmetoder som systematisk litteraturgenomgång och paneldataanalys med tillämpning av avancerade ekonometriska tekniker som Dynamisk Minsta Kvadratmetod (Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares), Fixa- och Slumpmässiga Effekter (Fixed and Random Effects) and Skenbart Orelaterade Regressioner (Seemingly Unrelated Regressions). Fyra studier genomförs med dessa metoder.

Resultaten från empirisk litteratur tyder på att ränta, disponibel inkomst och befolkningstillväxt verkar vara avgörande faktorer för bostadsprisutveckling (Artikel 1). Studien klassificerar fundamentala faktorer i förhållande till storleken på deras elasticitet. De grundläggande faktorerna kan dock inte alltid ge en förklaring till avvikelserna i bostadsprisdynamiken i olika länder, men institutionell miljö kan göra det (Artikel 2). Analysen visar att restriktioner av markpriser och nybyggnation, tillsammans med ett antal grundläggande faktorer, påverkar den genomsnittliga storleken på lägenhet i nybyggnation (Artikel 3). Hyres och prisnivån på bostadsmarknaden med hyresregleringen bidrar inte till utvecklingen av det totala bostadsbeståndet. Undanträngningseffekten uppstår främst i marknadens hyressektor men inte i bostadsrättssegmentet (Artikel 4).

Denna forskning bidrar till en bättre förståelse av bostadsmarknadernas dynamik och föreslår politiska åtgärder som kan minska riskerna för bostadsbubblor och förbättra den socioekonomiska utvecklingen på lång sikt.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2023. p. 30
Series
TRITA-ABE-DLT ; 2331
Keywords
House prices, new construction, institutional environments, Swedish apartment market, Huspriser, nybyggnation, institutionell miljö, Svenska bostadsmarknaden
National Category
Economics
Research subject
Real Estate and Construction Management
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-327148 (URN)978-91-8040-611-6 (ISBN)
Public defence
2023-06-12, E3, Osquars backe 2, KTH Campus, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/63403450921, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC230522

Available from: 2023-05-22 Created: 2023-05-21 Last updated: 2023-05-26Bibliographically approved

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Engerstam, SviatlanaWarsame, AbukarWilhelmsson, Mats

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