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Communicating the intention of an automated vehicle to pedestrians: The contributions of eHMI and vehicle behavior
Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AEEindhoven, The Netherlands.
Technical University of Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 10, 64289Darmstadt, Germany.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6571-0623
Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AEEindhoven, The Netherlands.
Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AEEindhoven, The Netherlands.
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2021 (English)In: IT-Information Technology, ISSN 16112776, Vol. 63, no 2, p. 123-141Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

External Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMIs) are expected to bridge the communication gap between an automated vehicle (AV) and pedestrians to replace the missing driver-pedestrian interaction. However, the relative impact of movement-based implicit communication and explicit communication with the aid of eHMIs on pedestrians has not been studied and empirically evaluated. In this study, we pit messages from an eHMI against different driving behaviors of an AV that yields to a pedestrian to understand whether pedestrians tend to pay more attention to the motion dynamics of the car or the eHMI in making road-crossing decisions. Our contributions are twofold: we investigate (1) whether the presence of eHMIs has any objective effect on pedestrians’ understanding of the vehicle’s intent, and (2) how the movement dynamics of the vehicle affect the perception of the vehicle intent and interact with the impact of an eHMI. Results show that (1) eHMIs help in convincing pedestrians of the vehicle’s yielding intention, particularly when the speed of the vehicle is slow enough to not be an obvious threat, but still fast enough to raise a doubt about a vehicle’s stopping intention, and (2) pedestrians do not blindly trust the eHMI: when the eHMI message and the vehicle’s movement pattern contradict, pedestrians fall back to movement-based cues. Our results imply that when explicit communication (eHMI) and implicit communication (motion-dynamics and kinematics) are in alignment and work in tandem, communication of the AV’s yielding intention can be facilitated most effectively. This insight can be useful in designing the optimal interaction between AVs and pedestrians from a user-centered design perspective when driver-centric communication is not available.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Walter de Gruyter GmbH , 2021. Vol. 63, no 2, p. 123-141
Keywords [en]
Automated vehicles, eHMI, Pedestrian, Vulnerable road user, VRU, Explicit communication, Implicit communication
National Category
Human Computer Interaction
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-329499DOI: 10.1515/itit-2020-0025ISI: 000648668500006Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85096061212OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-329499DiVA, id: diva2:1772158
Note

QC 20230629

Available from: 2023-06-21 Created: 2023-06-21 Last updated: 2023-09-07Bibliographically approved

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Matviienko, Andrii

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