Connecting Networks for Two-Dimensional Butler Matrices Generating a Triangular Lattice of BeamsShow others and affiliations
2021 (English)In: IEEE Journal of Microwaves, E-ISSN 2692-8388, Vol. 1, no 2, p. 646-658Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]
Connecting networks for two-dimensional beamforming matrices are discussed. They provide a suitable interconnection between the output ports of a Butler matrix and antenna array ports, transforming a square (and more generally, rectangular) lattice of beams into a triangular lattice of beams. This change in lattice improves the crossover between beams, reducing gain roll-off over the field of view for a given multiple fixed beam coverage. A general description of the concept is provided and numerical results are reported, which confirm a reduction in crossover level between 1 and 1.5 dB. The proposed solution is further validated through the design and test of a 4 × 4 open-ended waveguide array in K-band. The connecting network has a length of 70 mm, compared to 226 mm for the 2D Butler matrix, with a design frequency of 19.55 GHz. Good agreement is found between simulated and measured data. The desired triangular lattice of beams is confirmed with the measured multiple beams. This solution is of interest for multiple-beam millimeter-wave communication systems, considered for next generation of terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2021. Vol. 1, no 2, p. 646-658
Keywords [en]
Beamforming networks, multiple fixed beam antenna, open-ended waveguide arrays, triangular lattice of beams, two-dimensional Butler matrix
National Category
Telecommunications
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-350066DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2021.3062882ISI: 001068552400014Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85126077463OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-350066DiVA, id: diva2:1887363
Note
QC 20240807
2024-08-072024-08-072024-08-07Bibliographically approved