Based on the elaborative exposition of Proactive HRC in the previous chapters, the concluding chapter summarizes the key discoveries and contributions made in this book. The literature analysis, connotation, methodology, and demonstration of Proactive HRC play a crucial role in today's ever-increasing transition of human-centric smart manufacturing. Meanwhile, multiple pressing challenges and future research directions of Proactive HRC are highlighted here to welcome more open discussions and in-depth research and development. These encompass a wide array of dimensions, such as the evolution of its intelligent capabilities, the human-in-the-loop control, and the development of evaluation criteria.