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Eco-friendly disposable porous absorbents from gluten proteins through diverse plastic processing techniques
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5967-6721
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials.ORCID iD: 0009-0004-5907-4378
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials.ORCID iD: 0009-0002-1522-2426
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2024 (English)In: Journal of Cleaner Production, ISSN 0959-6526, E-ISSN 1879-1786, Vol. 459, p. 142419-142419, article id 142419Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The production of biodegradable gluten-based protein foams showing complete natural degradation in soil after 26 days is reported, as an alternative to commercial foams in disposable sanitary articles that rely on non-biodegradable materials. The foams were developed from an extensive evaluation of different foaming methodologies (oven expansion, compression moulding, and extrusion), resulting in low-density foams (ca. 400 kg/m3) with homogenous pore size distributions. The products showed the ability to absorb 3–4 times their weight, reaching ranges for their use as absorbents in single-use disposable sanitary articles. An additional innovative contribution is that these gluten foams were made from natural and non-toxic wheat protein, glycerol, sodium and ammonium bicarbonate, making them useful as fossil-plastic-free replacements for commercial products without the risk of having micro-plastic and chemical pollution. The impact of different processing conditions on forming the porous biopolymer network is explained, i.e., temperature, pressure, and extensive shear forces, which were also investigated for different pH/chemical conditions. The development of micro-plastic-free foams mitigating environmental pollution and waste while using industrial co-products is fundamental for developing large-scale production of single-use items. A sanitary pad prototype is demonstrated as an eco-friendly material alternative that paves the way for sustainable practices in manufacturing, and contributes to the global effort in combating plastic pollution and waste management challenges, Sustainable Development Goals: 12, 13, 14, and 15.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV , 2024. Vol. 459, p. 142419-142419, article id 142419
Keywords [en]
Gluten Proteins Plastic-free foams Thermoforming Sustainable absorbents
National Category
Materials Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-352912DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142419ISI: 001296310200001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85193262791OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-352912DiVA, id: diva2:1896250
Funder
Bo Rydin Foundation for Scientific ResearchSwedish Research Council Formas, 2019-00557
Note

QC 20240910

Available from: 2024-09-09 Created: 2024-09-09 Last updated: 2024-09-16Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Bio-based and Biodegradable Foams from Wheat Gluten using Up-Scalable Processes
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Bio-based and Biodegradable Foams from Wheat Gluten using Up-Scalable Processes
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

In this thesis, the production of bio-based and biodegradable foams from wheat proteins (wheat gluten) is presented. Wheat gluten, a side stream from the ethanol/starch industry, was processed using both batch and continuous foaming methods. To produce the foams, glycerol, an effective protein plasticiser, was used, with two foaming agents common in food: sodium bicarbonate (SBC) and ammonium bicarbonate (ABC), to generate soft foams with both closed-and open-cell structures. ABC proved to be a better foaming agent in foam extrusion than SBC, but SBC performed well in the batch methods. Due to ABC’s low decomposition temperature, extrusion could take place at a temperature as low as 70 °C.

     Three different multifunctional additives (citric acid, gallic acid and genipin) were also used to influence and improve the foam properties. The mechanical properties showed that some of the materials could be potentially useful in cushioning and sealing applications. The foams also showed a high absorption of saline (model substance for body fluid) and blood (in the form of sheep’s blood), even under mechanical pressure. Based on these results, a wheat gluten-based product was manufactured as a proof-of-concept.

     The degradability of the foam in various relevant environments was studied. It was found that some foams degraded almost completely in soil after 8 weeks and in alkaline water after 5 weeks. It was also demonstrated that the foam also worked as a good fertilizer. As an alternative to direct composting when the foam is no longer used, the possibility of reusing the foam in a different form was evaluated. In this context, it was possible to produce plastic films from the foam.

Abstract [sv]

I denna avhandling presenteras produktion av biobaserade och biologiskt nedbrytbara skum från veteproteiner (vetegluten). Vetegluten, en biprodukt från etanol-/stärkelseindustrin, bearbetades med både batch-metoder och kontinuerliga skummetoder. För att producera skummet användes glycerol, en effektiv proteinmjukgörare, tillsammans med två skumningsmedel som är vanliga inom livsmedelsindustrin: natriumbikarbonat (SBC) och ammoniumbikarbonat (ABC), för att skapa mjuka skum med både slutna och öppna cellstrukturer. ABC visade sig vara ett bättre skumningsmedel vid skumextrudering än SBC, men SBC presterade väl i batchmetoderna. Genom ABC’s låga sönderdelningstemperatur kunde extruderingen ske vid en så låg temperatur som 70 °C.

     Tre olika multifunktionella tillsatser (citronsyra, gallusyra och genipin) användes också för att påverka och förbättra skummets egenskaper. De mekaniska egenskaperna visade att vissa av materialen potentiellt kunde vara användbara i stötdämpande och tätande applikationer. Skummet visade också hög absorption av saltlösning (modellsustans för kroppsvätska) och blod (i form av fårblod), även under mekaniskt tryck. Baserat på dessa resultat tillverkades en veteglutenbaserad produkt som ett konceptbevis.

     Skummets nedbrytbarhet i olika relevanta miljöer studerades. Det visade sig att vissa skum nästan fullständigt bröts ner i jord efter 8 veckor och i alkalisk vattenlösning efter 5 veckor. Det demonstrerades också att skummet fungerade bra som gödningsmedel. Som ett alternativ till direkt kompostering när skummet inte längre används, utvärderades möjligheten att återanvända skummet i en annan form. I detta sammanhang var det möjligt att producera plastfilmer från skummet.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2024. p. 93
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2024:34
Keywords
Biofoam, protein, wheat gluten, batch process, extrusion, absorbents, cushioning, biodegradation., Bioskum, protein, vetegluten, batchmetod, extrudering, absorption, stötdämpning, bionedbrytning.
National Category
Textile, Rubber and Polymeric Materials
Research subject
Fibre and Polymer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-353245 (URN)978-91-8106-031-7 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-10-11, F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/68040338320, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20240916

Embargo fram till 2025-10-11 godkänt av skolchef Amelie Eriksson Karlström via e-post

Available from: 2024-09-16 Created: 2024-09-16 Last updated: 2025-12-02Bibliographically approved

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Bettelli, Mercedes A.Traissac, EmmanuelleLatras, AthanasiosOlsson, RichardHedenqvist, Mikael S.Capezza, Antonio Jose

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