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Naphthalene decomposition on Fe(110) - adsorption, dehydrogenation, carbon formation and the influence of oxygen
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Process Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5167-6025
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Process Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2898-7460
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Process Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7652-5362
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Light and Matter Physics. INP-ENSIACET, Université de Toulouse, 31030 Toulouse, France.ORCID iD: 0009-0009-7066-1879
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(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Tar is an undesirable byproduct of biomass gasification, which can be removed through catalytic reforming to syngas components. Iron is a promising, abundant alternative to highly active but toxic nickel catalysts. The results observed so far in catalytic studies with iron have been mixed. In this paper, the decomposition of naphthalene, a representative model compound of tar, was studied on the catalytic Fe(110) surface using temperature programmed desorption (TPD), sum frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Napthalene adsorption, dehydrogenation and the formation of surface carbon were investigated, as well as the influence of oxygen. In comparison with previous studies on Ni(111), a similar dehydrogenation activity was found for Fe(110) with two main desorption peaks at 450 K and 550 K. The reaction of naphthalene on Fe(110) resulted in the predominant formation of carbidic and atomically adsorbed carbon on the surface, which did not dissolve into the bulk even at high temperatures. A moderately carbon-covered surface was shown to still be active toward naphthalene decomposition. Similarly to Ni(111), large amounts of oxygen inhibited the reaction but, at low oxygen doses, very high hydrogen yields were observed, suggesting that Fe(110) could be a valid alternative for tar decomposition.

Keywords [en]
Catalysis, Naphthalene, Tar, Iron, Fe(110), XPS, TPD, SFG
National Category
Physical Chemistry
Research subject
Chemistry; Physics, Material and Nano Physics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-354324OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-354324DiVA, id: diva2:1903001
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2018-07152Vinnova, 2018-04969Swedish Research Council Formas, 2019-02496Knut and Alice Wallenberg FoundationSwedish Foundation for Strategic Research, ARC19-0026
Note

Additional funder (US):  National Science Foundation under Grant No. 2107072

QC 20241003

Available from: 2024-10-02 Created: 2024-10-02 Last updated: 2024-10-03Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Bridging gaps in catalysis: from naphthalene decomposition to CO oxidation
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Bridging gaps in catalysis: from naphthalene decomposition to CO oxidation
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Surface science techniques applied to simplified model systems have long been used to study catalytic mechanisms and aspects of surface reactions that aredifficult to isolate in real catalytic reactors. Experimental techniques are usually combined to obtain information on structure, surface kinetics, surfacedynamics, and reaction chemistry. Recently, a main focus in surface science has been to attempt to ”close the gap” to real catalysis: Pushing experimental techniques to higher pressure than typical ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions, working with structurally more complex catalysts and introducing some of the complexity of real reaction conditions.

In this thesis, experimental studies on two model systems are presented. In the first part, the reaction of naphthalene on Ni(111) and Fe(110) is examined as a model for catalytic tar decomposition used in biomass gasification. The effect of sulfur, a typical impurity in biomass, on the dehydrogenation ofnaphthalene on Ni(111) is elucidated with XPS and STM, and shown to lead to an inhibition of carbon bulk dissolution. The decomposition of naphthalene on Fe(110) was studied on the clean surface and in the presence of oxygen with XPS, TPD and SFG to enable a direct comparison to Ni(111). A very similar activity towards naphthalene decomposition is observed, as well as key differences in carbon-carbon bond cleavage, carbon formation and reactivityof ”dirty” surfaces.

In the second part, CO oxidation on Pd(110) is studied as a model system for palladium catalysts and a good example surface for the effect of surfacereconstruction and increase of pressure above UHV. The reaction was examined using the recently developed near-ambient pressure velocity map imaging (NAP-VMI) technique, which enables the simulatenous measurement of kinetic constants and dynamic information at pressures up to 10−3  mbar. Using the unique capabilities of VMI, two reaction channels with fast diffusion could be attributed to CO adsorption sites and an effective activation energy extracted.

The research presented here demonstrates the usefulness of these surfacescience methods in understanding catalytic mechanisms. It also illustrates some key limitations and opportunities for future developments in the field.

Abstract [sv]

Ytvetenskaplig teknik har länge använts på förenklade modellreaktioner för att studera katalytiska mekanismer och aspekter av ytreaktioner som är normalt svåra att isolera i en verklig miljö. Flera experimentella tekniker kombineras för att få information om struktur, ytkinetik, ytdynamik och reaktionskemi. En viktig inriktning inom ytvetenskap idag är strävan att ”stänga gapet” mot katalys under verkliga förhållanden: att utvidga experimentella tekniker till högre tryck än ultrahögvakuum (UHV) som är typiskt i ytvetenskap, utforska katalysatorer med mer komplex struktur och att introducera något av komplexiteten som återfinns under verkliga reaktionsförhållanden.

I denna avhandling presenteras experimentella studier på två modellreaktioner. I den första delen undersöktes reaktionen av naftalen på Ni(111) och Fe(110) som en modell för katalytisk nedbrytning av tjära, vilket används vid biomassaförgasning. Effekten av svavel, en typisk förorening i biomassa, på dehydrogeneringen av naftalen på Ni(111) undersöktes med XPS och STM. Resultaten visar att svavel hämma kolinlösning i enkristallytan. Nedbrytningen av naftalen på Fe(110) studerades på en ren yt och i närvaro av syre med XPS, TPD och SFG för att möjliggöra en direkt jämförelse med Ni(111). Resulaten visar på en liknande aktivitet för nedbrytningen av naftalen, men även betydliga skillnader i klyvning av kol-kolbindningar, bildningen av ytkol och katalytiska aktiviteten hos ”smutsiga” ytor.

I den andra delen, undersöktes oxidation av CO på Pd(110) som en modell för palladiumkatalysatorer och som ett exempel på hur rekonstruktion av ytan och tryck högre än UHV påverkar reaktionen. Reaktionen studerades med ettnyligen utvecklat instrument för hastighetsavbildning vid tryck nära omgivningstryck (NAP-VMI), som möjliggör samtidig mätning av hastighetskonstanter och dynamisk information vid tryck upp till 10−3 mbar. Med VMIs unika möjligheter kunde två reaktionsvägar med snabb omvandling upptäckas och tillskrivas två olika adsorptionssäten av CO, samt en aktiveringsenergi extraheras.

Forskningen som presenteras här visar nyttan av dessa ytvetenskapliga metoder för att förstå katalytiska mekanismer. Den också avslöjer några viktiga begränsningar och möjligheter för framtida utveckling.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2024. p. 70
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2024:37
Keywords
Surface science, Catalysis, Tar, Naphthalene, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Scanning tunneling microscopy, Temperature programmed desorption, Dehydrogenation, Near-ambient pressure, Velocity map imaging, CO, CO oxidation, Ytvetenskap, Katalys, Tjära, Naftalen, Röntgenfotoelektron- spektroskopi, Sveptunnelmikroskopi, Temperaturprogrammerad desorption, Dehydrogenering, Hastighetsavbildning, CO, CO oxidering
National Category
Physical Chemistry
Research subject
Chemical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-354325 (URN)978-91-8106-065-2 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-10-30, F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/64489297831, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
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QC 20241007

Available from: 2024-10-07 Created: 2024-10-02 Last updated: 2025-12-02Bibliographically approved

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