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Generalizable One-Way Delay Prediction Models for Heterogeneous UEs in 5G Networks
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Software and Computer systems, SCS. RISE Res Inst Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden.
Ericsson Res, Res Area Artificial Intelligence, Stockholm, Sweden.
Ericsson Res, Res Area Artificial Intelligence, Stockholm, Sweden; Univ Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
RISE Res Inst Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden.
Show others and affiliations
2024 (English)In: Proceedings of 2024 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium, NOMS 2024 / [ed] Hong, JWK Seok, SJ Nomura, Y Wang, YC Choi, BY Kim, MS Riggio, R Tsai, MH DosSantos, CRP, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2024Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

From a 5G operator's perspective, accurate estimates of key User Equipments (UEs) performance metrics, especially One-Way Delay (OWD), can provide valuable information. These estimates can trigger management tasks such as reconfiguration to prevent violations of Service Level Objectives (SLOs). Moreover, such insights into UE performance can empower applications to adapt their services to end-users in a more effective manner. We use advanced machine learning over data gathered at the base stations to predict OWD from UEs and show that we are able to predict OWD with over a 2x reduction in percentage error compared to the considered baseline. We discover the close coupling between the performance of the OWD model and the type of UE, which poses a model generalization challenge. Addressing this problem, we demonstrate the shortcomings of the commonly used fine-tuning approach and develop a novel method based on domain adversarial neural networks, that can adapt to a target domain without compromising on the performance of the source domain. Our results show that we can adapt our source model to provide OWD prediction performance within 1-4 percentage points of the ideal scenario when the source and the target domains are the same. Also, our work is grounded in empirical experiments conducted within a 5G testbed, using commercially available hardware.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2024.
Series
IEEE IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium, ISSN 1542-1201
National Category
Telecommunications
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-354093DOI: 10.1109/NOMS59830.2024.10574985ISI: 001270140300015Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85197951478OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-354093DiVA, id: diva2:1903310
Conference
IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS), MAY 06-10, 2024, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA
Note

Part of ISBN 979-8-3503-2793-9, 979-8-3503-2794-6

QC 20241003

Available from: 2024-10-03 Created: 2024-10-03 Last updated: 2025-05-23Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Practical Machine Learning for Predictions in Mobile Networks
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Practical Machine Learning for Predictions in Mobile Networks
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The use of machine learning (ML) in mobile networks has surged to tackle the challenges arising from their growing complexity, dynamic behavior, and application demands.However, more support through prediction models for key performance metrics that cannot be directly observed at the base station are needed to better adapt network and application parameters to the changing network state. Moreover, the growing adoption of ML models in telecom networks brings practical challenges, like the scarcity of labeled data for training, heterogeneity of hardware, and evolving conditions, all of which pose hurdles to their seamless deployment in real-world scenarios.

In this thesis we investigate ML-driven methods to predict user performance in dynamic environments and address the practical challenges encountered over a model’s life cycle. First, we present supervised ML approaches for predicting key metrics such as round-trip time and one-way delay, using data collected from 5G mmWave testbed networks.Further, we propose a mobile edge-assisted framework for improving quality of service (QoS) and reducing backhaul load for video streaming applications, by prefetching video segments, under backhaul bandwidth and cache storage restrictions. This framework is based on ML predictions of video segment bitrates in a dynamically changing mobile network. 

Next, we address domain shifts, particularly from the arrival of new user equipment (UE) types, by applying adversarial adaptation strategies that allow models to adapt without requiring labeled samples from the new domain.Further, we apply self-supervised learning approaches to harness unlabeled data from telecom network datasets. This is shown to improve model accuracy in label-scarce scenarios. Finally, to further mitigate data-collection challenges, we introduce an open-source simulation framework for generating large-scale, customizable datasets. Overall, this thesis contributes to the careful design of ML solutions for predicting key performance metrics, and shows how they can, along with robust data generation, model adaptation, and model pretraining techniques, elevate user experience and network automation in modern telecom networks.

Abstract [sv]

Användningen av maskininlärning (ML) inom mobila telekomnätverk har ökat kraftigt för att tackla utmaningar som uppstått med nätverkens växande komplexitet och applikationskrav. Mer hjälp från modeller som kan ge prognoser över viktiga prestandavärden, som inte är direkt mätbara vid basstationen behövs dock för att anpassa nätverk och applikationsparametrar till kontinuerligt skiftande nätverkstillstånd.Den växande tillämpningen av ML-modeller för telekomnätverk för med sig praktiska utmaningar, så som brist på annoterad data för träning, varierande hårdvaruarkitekturer och ständigt förändrade nätverkstillstånd. Dessa hinder försvårar driftsättning av ML i verkliga system.I denna avhandling studerar vi ML-modeller för telekomnätverk samt flera praktiska utmaningar som uppstår under en modells livscykel. Först så presenterar vi vägledda ML-metoder som förutspår viktiga mätvärden inom 5G-nätverk. Dessa metoder tränas med data insamlad  från 5G mmWave testbädds-nätverk.Vidare så utvecklar vi en ML-driven mobile edge-lösning som förbättrar videokvaliteten för videoströmningstjänster i nätverket. Vår lösning bygger på smart förhandsinladdning av videosegment, där ML används för att förutspå lämplig kvalitet på videosegmenten.

Vi studerar också hur ML-modeller påverkas när nätverk ändras till en så stor grad att ett domänskifte sker. Vi tittar speciellt på situationen som uppstår när nya typer av användarutrustnings ansluter sig till nätverk. Genom att tillämpa adaptiva strategier visar vi att ML-modeller kan anpassas utan användandet av annoterad data från den nya domänen.

Vi undersöker också hur icke-vägledda ML-modeller kan utnyttja stora mängder oannoterad data som annars inte används. Vi visar hur dessa modeller kan integreras med vägledda modeller för att förbättra prognosprestandan, speciellt när det råder brist på annoterad data.

Slutligen så introducerar vi ett ramverk, skriven i öppen källkod, för att generera stora, anpassningsbara datamängder för mobila telekomnätverk. Allt inräknat så bidrar denna avhandling med ML-lösningar för bättre användarupplevelser samt drift av moderna telekomnätverk.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. p. 54
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2025:64
Keywords
Telecom networks, Mobile networks, User performance prediction, Machine learning, 5G networks, DASH, Mobile edge, Domain adaptation, Self-supervised learning, Telekomnätverk, mobila nätverk, användarprestanda prognoser, maskininlärning, 5G-nätverk, DASH, mobil edge, domänadaption, icke-väglett lärande
National Category
Computer Sciences
Research subject
Computer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-363883 (URN)978-91-8106-315-8 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-08-21, Kollegiesalen, Brinellvägen 6, plan 4, KTH campus, Stockholm, 14:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20250523

Available from: 2025-05-23 Created: 2025-05-22 Last updated: 2025-06-30Bibliographically approved

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