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Energy demand flexibility potential in cement industries: How does it contribute to energy supply security and environmental sustainability?
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, AAU Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 3614, Ethiopia.
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Energy Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0033-9982
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9902-2087
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, AAU Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 3614, Ethiopia.
2025 (English)In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 377, article id 124608Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Energy availability and reliability are essential for economic growth and sustainable development. The problems with growing energy demand could be addressed by supply-side energy management. However, this task has become increasingly challenging due to high fluctuations in electricity demand and the increasing penetration of intermittent renewable energy into the electricity supply mix. This study aims to investigate the energy demand flexibility potential in the energy-intensive cement production sector. A mixed integer linear programming model (MILP) has been developed to flatten the grid's hourly demand curve by minimizing the industrial customer's hourly peak loads and maximizing the shifting of demand to off-peak periods. The result reveals that the demand flexibility potential of the case study cement plants is about 495 MWh per day, constituting approximately 28 % of the daily total electrical energy used by these cement plants, proving that the cement industry is a potential candidate for demand response strategies. By adapting the proposed model, the loads of the case study plants during the peak period of the day are reduced by an average of 75 %. In addition, case study plants have achieved an overall reduction of 188 t of CO2 emissions per day. Furthermore, the cost of consumed electrical energy for a day decreased on average by 14 % in these plants. Thus, the proposed model can help minimize the impact on grid instability and the cost of energy consumption of an industrial customer. Scenarios such as the variation of the capacity factor and onsite electrical power generation, i.e., waste heat recovery power plants, can promote the demand response strategies in the cement sub-sector. The study could be useful to energy-intensive industries and relevant policymakers to understand the demand response in maintaining power system reliability and explore ways to implement demand-side energy management strategies with appropriate electricity tariffs.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier Ltd , 2025. Vol. 377, article id 124608
Keywords [en]
Demand flexibility, Demand response, Demand-side energy management, Load curtailment and cement industry, Load shifting, Time of use pricing
National Category
Energy Systems Energy Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-354894DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124608ISI: 001332881400001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85205713281OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-354894DiVA, id: diva2:1906223
Note

QC 20241030

Available from: 2024-10-16 Created: 2024-10-16 Last updated: 2024-10-30Bibliographically approved

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Khatiwada, DilipPalm, Björn

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