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How Does Electrification Impact Road Freight Transport Efficiency? A System Dynamics Approach
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Centres, Integrated Transport Research Lab, ITRL. (Integrated Transport Research Lab)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0575-5213
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Centres, Integrated Transport Research Lab, ITRL.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6644-5884
James Madison University.
2024 (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This paper explores the system-level impacts of electrification on road freight transport efficiency, as a complex concept with involvement of various stakeholders. Introducing electrification adds further complexity, bringing in new stakeholders, dynamics, and efficiencies. The paper utilises system dynamics modelling to understand the dynamics between different efficiencies and the impact of electrification. The results of the simulation model highlight that there are trade-offs between different kinds of efficiencies, and it is essential to achieve a balance. Moreover, worse-before-better behaviour should be expected, as electrification initially increases costs but has lower costs in the long term. The results point to two phases of E-truck adoption: during the first phase, the policy focus should be on expanding charging infrastructure; during the second phase, cost-focused policies become critical to boosting electrification. By understanding the impact of different policies, this paper offers valuable knowledge to decision-makers navigating the transition towards a more sustainable system. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2024.
Keywords [en]
transport efficiency, road freight transport system, electrification, electric trucks, system dynamics, policy analysis.
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics
Research subject
Transport Science, Transport Systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-355120DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4948350OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-355120DiVA, id: diva2:1907592
Note

QC 20241023

Available from: 2024-10-23 Created: 2024-10-23 Last updated: 2024-11-26Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Impacts of innovations and policies on sustainability within road freight transport: using a system thinking lens
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Impacts of innovations and policies on sustainability within road freight transport: using a system thinking lens
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Road freight transport systems are complex socio-technical systems where freight services are provided through various technological solutions, with the involvement of several stakeholders. Despite the benefits of road freight transport to the economy and society, it also has substantial drawbacks for our current and future society, such as greenhouse gas emissions, congestion, air pollution, noise and poor working conditions. Therefore, several transport concepts and policies, such as electric vehicles and carbon taxes, are being explored and implemented within the private and public sectors to mitigate the externalities of road freight transport systems and achieve more sustainable systems.

Understanding sustainability transitions requires a holistic approach that includes multiple dimensions of sustainability and the perspectives of various stakeholders. Therefore, this thesis uses a System Thinking lens to achieve a system-level understanding of sustainability. Moreover, the dynamics and feedback structures of sustainability transitions are considered in order to identify leverage points and avoid policy resistance.

This thesis aims to understand the impacts of transport concepts and policies on the sustainability of road freight transport systems. A mixed-method approach, including surveys, interviews, and System Dynamics modelling is used to study the impacts of COVID-19 regulations, electric trucks, city hubs, cargo bikes, automation and off-peak hour deliveries. Moreover, policies impacting the adoption of electric trucks and city hubs are explored.

This thesis's results indicate that collaboration is required to achieve sustainability. However, collaboration is complex since stakeholders often have conflicting goals. Applying System Dynamics as a modelling method allows for understanding the right place and time to implement various policies. In this thesis, the simulation of different policy scenarios enables the consideration of the consequences of these policies from both short- and long-term perspectives. This knowledge benefits decision-makers in the private and public sectors in making decisions that shift road freight transport systems towards sustainability.

Abstract [sv]

Vägtransportsystem för gods är komplexa socio-tekniska system där godstransporter tillhandahålls genom olika teknologiska lösningar, med inblandning av flera intressenter. Trots de fördelar som vägtransporter för gods har för ekonomin och samhället, medför de också betydande nackdelar för vårt nuvarande och framtida samhälle, såsom utsläpp av växthusgaser, trängsel, luftföroreningar, buller och dåliga arbetsförhållanden. Därför utforskas och implementeras flera transportkoncept och policyer, som elfordon och koldioxidskatter, inom både den privata och offentliga sektorn för att minska de negativa effekterna av vägtransportsystem för gods och uppnå mer hållbara system.

För att förstå hållbara omställningar krävs ett holistiskt angreppssätt som inkluderar flera dimensioner av hållbarhet och flera perspektiv från olika intressenter. Denna avhandling använder därför ett Systemtänkande för att uppnå en förståelse av hållbarhet på systemnivå. Dessutom beaktas dynamiken och återkopplingsstrukturerna i hållbara omställningar för att identifiera hävstångspunkter och undvika policyresistens.

Syftet med denna avhandling är att förstå effekterna av transportkoncept och policyer på hållbarheten i vägtransportsystem för gods. En blandning av metoder som inkluderar enkäter, intervjuer och systemdynamisk modellering används för att studera effekterna av i) COVID-19-regleringar, ii) el-lastbilar, iii) stadshubbar, iv) lastcyklar, v) automatisering och vi) nattleveranser. Dessutom utforskas policyer som påverkar införandet av el-lastbilar och stadshubbar.

Resultaten från denna avhandling visar att samarbete krävs för att uppnå hållbarhet. Samarbete är dock komplext eftersom intressenter ofta har motstridiga mål. Därför behövs offentliga policyer. Genom att tillämpa systemdynamik som modelleringsmetod möjliggörs en förståelse för rätt plats och rätt tid att implementera olika policyer. Simulering av olika policyscenarier ger möjlighet att överväga dessa konsekvenser ur både kort- och långsiktiga perspektiv. Denna kunskap är till nytta för beslutsfattare inom privat och offentlig sektor när de ska fatta beslut för omställning till hållbara godstransportsystem.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2024. p. 112
Series
TRITA-ITM-AVL ; 2024:20
Keywords
road freight transport systems; sustainability transitions; System Thinking; System Dynamics; policy analysis., vägtransportsystem för gods; hållbara omställningar; systemtänkande; systemdynamik; policysanalys.
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics
Research subject
Machine Design
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-355123 (URN)978-91-8106-100-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-12-03, F3 / https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/66583637885, Lindstedtsvägen 26-28, Stockholm, 10:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Projects
HITS 2024
Funder
Vinnova, 2020-00565
Available from: 2024-11-04 Created: 2024-10-28 Last updated: 2024-11-27Bibliographically approved

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Andruetto, ClaudiaRaoofi, Zeinab

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