This Letter presents results from a combination of searches for Higgs boson pair production using 126–140  fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at √𝑠 =13  TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector. At 95% confidence level (CL), the upper limit on the production rate is 2.9 times the standard model (SM) prediction, with an expected limit of 2.4 assuming no Higgs boson pair production. Constraints on the Higgs boson self-coupling modifier 𝜅𝜆=𝜆𝐻⁡𝐻⁡𝐻/𝜆SM𝐻⁡𝐻⁡𝐻, and the quartic 𝐻⁡𝐻⁡𝑉⁢𝑉 coupling modifier 𝜅2⁢𝑉=𝑔𝐻⁡𝐻⁡𝑉⁢𝑉⁡/𝑔SM𝐻⁡𝐻⁡𝑉⁢𝑉, are derived individually, fixing the other parameter to its SM value. The observed 95% CL intervals are −1.2<𝜅𝜆<7.2 and 0.6<𝜅2⁢𝑉<1.5, respectively, while the expected intervals are −1.6<𝜅𝜆<7.2 and 0.4<𝜅2⁢𝑉<1.6 in the SM case. Constraints obtained for several interaction parameters within Higgs effective field theory are the strongest to date, offering insights into potential deviations from SM predictions.