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Generating synthetic turbulence with vector autoregression of proper orthogonal decomposition time coefficients
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3814-7919
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9256-2304
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4662-8744
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5204-8549
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2024 (English)In: Journal of Fluid Mechanics, ISSN 0022-1120, E-ISSN 1469-7645, Vol. 1000, article id A83Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This study introduces vector autoregression (VAR) as a linear procedure that can be used for synthesizing turbulence time series over an entire plane, allowing them to be imposed as an efficient turbulent inflow condition in simulations requiring stationary and cross-correlated turbulence time series. VAR is a statistical tool for modelling and prediction of multivariate time series through capturing linear correlations between multiple time series. A Fourier-based proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is performed on the two-dimensional (2-D) velocity slices from a precursor simulation of a turbulent boundary layer at a momentum thickness-based Reynolds number, Re-theta=790. A subset of the most energetic structures in space are then extracted, followed by applying a VAR model to their complex time coefficients. It is observed that VAR models constructed using time coefficients of 5 and 30 most energetic POD modes per wavenumber (corresponding to 66% and 97% of turbulent kinetic energy, respectively) are able to make accurate predictions of the evolution of the velocity field at Re-theta=790 for infinite time. Moreover, the 2-D velocity fields from the POD-VAR when used as a turbulent inflow condition, gave a short development distance when compared with other common inflow methods. Since the VAR model can produce an infinite number of velocity planes in time, this enables reaching statistical stationarity without having to run an extremely long precursor simulation or applying ad hoc methods such as periodic time series.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Cambridge University Press (CUP) , 2024. Vol. 1000, article id A83
Keywords [en]
turbulent boundary layers
National Category
Probability Theory and Statistics Fluid Mechanics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-357749DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2024.1034ISI: 001368616600001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85205947695OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-357749DiVA, id: diva2:1921625
Note

Not duplicate with DiVA 1833117

QC 20241216

Available from: 2024-12-16 Created: 2024-12-16 Last updated: 2025-10-10Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Facilitating advanced spectral element simulations of wall-bounded flows
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Facilitating advanced spectral element simulations of wall-bounded flows
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The overarching aim of this thesis is to enable accurate simulations of high-Reynolds-number wall-bounded flows, representative of those encountered in realistic engineering applications. Achieving this goal requires progress on several fronts, ranging from methodological developments to computational considerations and the application of simulations to relevant flow configurations.

First, advances are made in numerical techniques for scale-resolving simulations of wall-bounded turbulence. New methods are introduced that allow turbulent boundary layers to be simulated efficiently at arbitrarily high Reynolds numbers and sustained over long physical times. In addition, existing turbulence inflow generation approaches are assessed with particular emphasis on their suitability for aeroacoustic predictions, where a physically consistent representation of turbulent structures is essential.

Second, the ability of scale-resolving simulations to exploit emerging computing architectures is investigated. In particular, the sensitivity of such simulations to reduced-precision arithmetic, a feature increasingly common in modern high-performance computing hardware, is systematically evaluated. This provides insights into the accuracy–efficiency trade-offs that can be expected as computational platforms evolve.

Finally, the methods are applied to canonical but engineering-relevant test cases that combine fundamental physical interest with practical significance. Direct numerical simulations are carried out for flow over the Boeing speed bump and for a drone rotor at moderate Reynolds numbers. For the Boeing speed bump, a detailed analysis of boundary-layer dynamics is performed, providing new insights into the interaction between geometry-induced pressure gradients and turbulent structures. The drone rotor simulations, in turn, represent a first step toward applying scale-resolving methods to realistic aerodynamic configurations where both performance and noise are of interest.

Overall, the contributions of this thesis span algorithmic development, computational assessment, and application to canonical test cases, thereby laying the foundation for scale-resolving simulations of wall-bounded turbulence at conditions directly relevant to engineering design.

Abstract [sv]

Det övergripande målet med denna avhandling är att möjliggöra noggranna simuleringar av väggbundna strömmar vid höga Reynolds-tal, representativa för de förhållanden som återfinns i verkliga ingenjörstillämpningar. För att uppnådetta krävs framsteg på flera områden, från metodutveckling till datoranpassning och tillämpning på relevanta strömningsfall.

För det första presenteras nya numeriska metoder för skalanupplösande simuleringar av väggbunden turbulens. Dessa metoder gör det möjligt att på etteffektivt sätt simulera turbulenta gränsskikt vid godtyckligt höga Reynolds-tal och att upprätthålla simuleringarna under långa tidsperioder. Vidare utvärderas befintliga inflödesmetoder för turbulens med särskilt fokus på deras lämplighet för aeroakustiska prediktioner, där en fysiskt konsekvent representation av turbulenta strukturer är avgörande.

För det andra undersöks skalanupplösande simuleringars förmåga att utnyttjanya beräkningsarkitekturer. I synnerhet analyseras känsligheten hos dessasimuleringar för reducerad numerisk precision, en egenskap som blir allt vanligare i modern högprestandaberäkning. Detta ger viktiga insikter i av vägningen mellan noggrannhet och beräkningseffektivitet vid framtida beräkningsplattformar.

Slutligen tillämpas metoderna på kanoniska men ingenjörsrelevanta fall som kombinerar fundamentalt fysikaliskt intresse med praktisk betydelse. Direkta numeriska simuleringar genomförs för strömning över en Boeing speed bump samt för en drönarrotor vid måttliga Reynolds-tal. För Boeing speed bump analyseras gränsskiktets fysik i detalj, vilket ger nya insikter om samspelet mellan geometriinducerade tryckgradienter och turbulenta strukturer. Simuleringarnaav drönarrotorn utgör i sin tur ett första steg mot att tillämpa skalanupplösande metoder på realistiska aerodynamiska konfigurationer där både prestanda ochbuller är av intresse.

Sammanfattningsvis spänner avhandlingens bidrag från metodutveckling och datorarkitektoniska utvärderingar till tillämpning på kanoniska testfall. Därmed läggs en grund för skalanupplösande simuleringar av väggbunden turbulens under förhållanden som är direkt relevanta för ingenjörsmässig design.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. p. 215
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2025:31
Keywords
Turbulence, Wall-bounded flows, Turbulent boundary layers, Inflow methods, Reduced precision, Aeroacoustics, Boeing speed bump, Drone rotors., Turbulens, Väggbundna strömmar, Turbulenta gränsskikt, Inflödesmetoder, Reducerad numerisk precision, Aeroakustik, Boeing speed bump, Drönarrotorer.
National Category
Fluid Mechanics
Research subject
Engineering Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-370680 (URN)978-91-8106-334-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-10-23, F3, Lindstedtvägen 26, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/67397349774, Stockholm, 10:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 250930

Available from: 2025-09-30 Created: 2025-09-29 Last updated: 2025-10-07Bibliographically approved
2. Data analysis and data reduction for large-scale turbulence simulations
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Data analysis and data reduction for large-scale turbulence simulations
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and direct numerical simulations (DNS),when applied to the study of turbulence, have traditionally been treated as acompute bound discipline, where the size of problems of interest is limited bythe capacity of supercomputers. While this remains true, the relatively recentadoption of specialized hardware such as graphics processing units (GPUs) hasallowed researchers to start studying problems that were not thought possiblebefore. This trend brings benefits for scientific discovery, however, it alsoaccentuates the importance of robust methodologies to manage and processthe increasing amount of data that is being produced by the simulations. Thepresent thesis explores techniques to process large scale data sets produced,mainly, by the spectral element method (SEM).This study explores the possibility to exploit the computational resourcesused by the simulations to perform data analysis and transformations in whatis termed, in-situ data processing. It is shown that it is viable to apply amultitude of processing tasks, such as data compression and image visualizationefficiently, as long as the hardware being used is taken into consideration, whichis relevant for modern heterogeneous systems. Furthermore it is shown that datacompression is an efficient technique to reduce storage requirements while keepingaccuracy, even for turbulence research. On this note, this thesis introduces amethod that incorporates uncertainty quantification (UQ) techniques for datacompression to facilitate the data quality evaluation.Data compression is a large focus in the present work, however, methodsto facilitate data analysis are also studied. Streaming and parallel modaldecompositions, in particular proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), aredeveloped and made available to the turbulence community with the additionof uncertainty quantification studies to ease its adoption. It is found thatthis sort of technique is excellent at increasing the interpretability of the data,while being able to exploit computational resources with in-situ execution.Additionally, parallel high-order interpolation techniques are introduced, whichbecome essential to reduce the memory footprint of large data sets whenperforming post-processing tasks, while aiding to simplify the data distributionof traditional SEM meshes.

Abstract [sv]

Beräkningsvätskedynamik (CFD) och direkta numeriska simuleringar (DNS)har, när de tillämpas på studien av turbulens, traditionellt behandlats som enberäkningsbegränsad disciplin där storleken på intressanta problem begränsas avsuperdatorers kapacitet. Även om detta fortfarande stämmer har den relativt nyaanvändningen av specialiserad hårdvara, såsom grafikprocessorer (GPU:er), gjortdet möjligt för forskare att börja studera problem som tidigare betraktades somoåtkomliga. Denna utveckling gynnar den vetenskapliga kunskapsutvecklingen,men den betonar också behovet av robusta metoder för att hantera och bear-beta den växande datamängd som genereras av simuleringarna. Föreliggandeavhandling undersöker tekniker för att bearbeta storskaliga datamängder somhuvudsakligen produceras med spektralelementmetoden (SEM).Denna studie utforskar möjligheten att utnyttja de beräkningsresurser somanvänds av simuleringarna för att utföra dataanalys och transformationer inomså kallad in situ-databehandling. Den belyser att det är möjligt att effektivtgenomföra en rad bearbetningsuppgifter, såsom datakomprimering och visualise-ring, under förutsättning att den använda hårdvaran beaktas, vilket är särskiltrelevant för moderna heterogena system. Vidare åskådliggörs att datakomprime-ring är en effektiv metod för att minska lagringsbehovet samtidigt som noggrann-heten bibehåll, även inom turbulensforskning. I detta sammanhang introduceraravhandlingen en metod som integrerar tekniker för osäkerhetskvantifiering (UQ)i datakomprimering för att underlätta bedömningen av datakvalitet.Datakomprimering är ett centralt fokus i arbetet, men även metodersom underlättar dataanalys studeras. Strömmande och parallella modalned-brytningar, i synnerhet Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD), utveck-las och görs tillgängliga för turbulensfältet, kompletterade med studier avosäkerhetskvantifiering för att underlätta införandet. Det konstateras att dennatyp av teknik i hög grad ökar datans tolkbarhet samtidigt som den kan utnyttjaberäkningsresurser genom in situ. Dessutom introduceras parallella interpola-tionsmetoder av hög ordning, vilka är avgörande för att minska minnesavtryckethos stora datamängder vid efterbehandling och som samtidigt bidrar till attförenkla datadistributionen i traditionella SEM-nät.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm, Sweden: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. p. 56
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2025:39
Keywords
Turbulence, Data compression, Data processing, Modal decompositions, Interpolation, Turbulens, Datakompression, Databehandling, Modaldekomposition, Interpolation
National Category
Fluid Mechanics
Research subject
Engineering Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-371434 (URN)978-91-8106-376-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-11-14, F3, Lindstedtvägen 26, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/69836085996, Stockholm, 10:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 251013

Available from: 2025-10-13 Created: 2025-10-10 Last updated: 2025-12-02Bibliographically approved

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Stanly, RonithDu, ShiyuXavier, DonnatellaPerez Martinez, AdalbertoMarkidis, StefanoSchlatter, Philipp

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