Monosodium glutamate (MSG), a sodium salt that comes from a non-essential amino acid, is generally employed as a flavor accompaniment in numerous diet recipes. Metal oxides containing oxygen vacancies present a potential opportunity for utilization as charge storage materials in supercapattery applications. This work illustrates the fabrication of the MoLa2O4@Co-MOF@rGO nanocomposite via a combination of hydrothermal and modified Hummer methods. The structure of the fabricated MoLa2O4@Co-MOF@rGO nanocomposite was assessed by utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), whereas the structural analysis was conducted via X-ray diffraction (XRD). The superior electrochemical parameters of the MoLa2O4@Co-MOF@rGO nanocomposite over pure MoLa2O4 and MoLa2O4@Co-MOF were ascribed to the combined effect of MoLa2O4, Co-MOF, and rGO. The specific capacitance (Cs) of 310.1 Fg(-1) was achieved for MoLa2O4 and 626.8 Fg(-1) for MoLa2O4@Co-MOF. Among all samples, the MoLa2O4@Co-MOF@rGO electrode demonstrates an extraordinary Cs of 1716 Fg(-1) at 3 mVs(-1). The energy storage mechanism is explained using the using Randles-Sevcik and Dunn's models. The MoLa2O4@Co-MOF@rGO//activated carbon (AC) asymmetric supercapacitor configuration demonstrates the Cs of 1470 Fg(-1) at 3 mVs(-1) along with a particular energy of 58 Whkg(-1) and a power density (P-d) of 2500 Wkg(-1). A MoLa2O4@Co-MOF@rGO nanocomposite-based amperometric immunosensor was designed to detect monosodium glutamate (MSG). A linear relationship was consistently detected between MSG concentration and the associated current change across the complete detection range of 0.05-200 mu M. The multifunctional MoLa2O4@Co-MOF@rGO ternary nanocomposite electrode material opens up new prospects for designing hybrid devices in energy harvesting and food-related applications.