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Confronting cold new early dark energy and its equation of state with updated CMB, supernovae, and BAO data
Nordita SU.
Nordita SU.
Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), CNRS, and Université de Montpellier (UMR-5299), Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France, Place Eugène Bataillon, Cedex 05.
Universe-Origins, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark, Campusvej 55.
2025 (English)In: Physical Review D: covering particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology, ISSN 2470-0010, E-ISSN 2470-0029, Vol. 111, no 4, article id 043536Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Cold new early dark energy (cold NEDE) addresses the Hubble tension through a triggered vacuum phase transition in the dark sector. In this paper, we constrain a phenomenological fluid model using recent cosmic microwave background likelihoods based on Planck NPIPE data alongside baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO) and supernovae data from Pantheon+. Exploiting the enhanced constraining power of the datasets, we introduce and study an extended version of the NEDE fluid model in which the equation of state parameter wNEDE, characterizing the fluid after the phase transition, is allowed to evolve with nonvanishing derivatives dwNEDE/dlna and d2wNEDE/d(lna)2. Our results indicate that data is compatible with a rather simple time dependence that could arise from a mixture of radiation and a stiff fluid. With the updated datasets, the base and extended models still show a significant reduction of the difference of the maximum a posteriori tension from 6.3σ in ΛCDM down to 3.5σ with a small simultaneous reduction of the S8 tension, slightly improving over recent findings for the axionlike early dark energy model. Finally, we also provide a first test of the model against new BAO data from the dark energy spectroscopic instrument survey. Replacing the previous BAO constraints in our analysis with the new ones, the tension is further reduced to 2.6σ, reaffirming the cold NEDE model as a promising solution to the Hubble tension.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Physical Society (APS) , 2025. Vol. 111, no 4, article id 043536
National Category
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-361154DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.111.043536ISI: 001439266400002Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85218808584OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-361154DiVA, id: diva2:1944109
Note

QC 20250324

Available from: 2025-03-12 Created: 2025-03-12 Last updated: 2025-03-24Bibliographically approved

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