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Urban Rail Transit Fare Reconciliation Method Using Multi-Source Data
Department of Traffic Information Engineering and Control, Intelligent Transportation System Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3850-8865
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Transport planning.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2141-0389
Department of Traffic Information Engineering and Control, Intelligent Transportation System Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.ORCID iD: 0009-0008-2621-6578
Department of Traffic Information Engineering and Control, Intelligent Transportation System Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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2025 (English)In: Transportation Research Record, ISSN 0361-1981, E-ISSN 2169-4052, Vol. 2679, no 5, p. 849-862Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Revenue reconciliation is an important problem in allocating the fare revenues to different lines and operators in urban rail transit systems. This paper proposes a data-driven fusion method for fare reconciliation in public transport using mobile signal, smart card, and train operation data. It makes the best use of the complementary advantages of two of these data sources in inferring the passenger travel paths within the metro system (mobile signal data) and journey time distributions of origin-destination (OD) pairs (smart card data). We propose a nonlinear programming optimization model to adjust the inferred path fractions from mobile data by minimizing the theoretically derived and truly observed OD journey time distributions. Case studies using both synthetic data and real-world data to validate the model performance for the metro system in Nanjing, China. The results show that the proposed information fusion model can well approximate the true path fractions and the observed OD journey time distributions. The model is robust against the biased model inputs, such as the priori path journey time distribution, with a relative path fraction estimation error of 3% for the biased standard deviation level up to 30%. In addition, the model performs consistently better than the current fare reconciliation practices using mobile signal data in estimating OD path fractions.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
SAGE Publications , 2025. Vol. 2679, no 5, p. 849-862
Keywords [en]
data and data science, big data, data fusion, public transportation, fare, farebox, transformative trends in transit data, smart card data
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-361296DOI: 10.1177/03611981241310140ISI: 001434174500001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105000018352OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-361296DiVA, id: diva2:1944877
Note

QC 20260129

Available from: 2025-03-17 Created: 2025-03-17 Last updated: 2026-01-29Bibliographically approved

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Ma, Zhenliang

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