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ETS-NOCV Analysis of σ-Donation and π-Backdonation in Complexes of Boron Based Lewis Acids with N2, CO andNH3
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry. Department of Chemistry, CBH, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2673-075X
Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland, Gronostajowa 2.
Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland, Gronostajowa 2.
2025 (English)In: European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, ISSN 1434-1948, E-ISSN 1099-1948, Vol. 28, no 12, article id e202400845Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Lewis acids B(SiR3)3 and B(GeR3)3 form anomalously strong complexes with Lewis bases N2 and CO. Intramolecular B−N/C bonds are generally in the range 1.45–1.50 Å and shorter than the sum of B and N/C covalent radii. Bonding analyses have shown that the strong bonds are a consequence of a novel σ-donation and π-backdonation mechanism, where electrons are donated into an empty sp3-type orbital on B (LUMO) from the σ-orbitals of N2/CO and electrons are backdonated from the B−Si/Ge σ-bonds into the π-type orbitals of N2/CO. Here we have analyzed the complexes between Lewis acids B(SiH3)3 and B(CF3)3 and Lewis bases N2, CO and NH3 using the extended transition state – natural orbitals for chemical valence (ETS-NOCV) method. Both σ-donation and π-backdonation are present in all complexes, and deformation densities due to the two mechanisms, i. e. NOCV pair densities, are surprisingly similar in character. Energy stabilization due to π-backdonation is much larger for the complexes of B(SiH3)3 with N2 and CO, and σ-donation stabilization is also enhanced compared to the corresponding complexes of B(CF3)3. Differential electrostatic potential indicate that the enhanced stabilization of the B(SiH3)3 complexes is largely an effect of reduced charge separation due to the balance between σ-donation and π-backdonation.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiley , 2025. Vol. 28, no 12, article id e202400845
Keywords [en]
Backdonation, Bond theory, Boron, Lewis acids, Pi-interactions, Silicon
National Category
Chemical Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-363112DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202400845ISI: 001468018100001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105003141570OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-363112DiVA, id: diva2:1956361
Note

QC 20250507

Available from: 2025-05-06 Created: 2025-05-06 Last updated: 2025-05-07Bibliographically approved

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